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GIS and GWW is tool for creating Ground Water Information System (GWIS) - a case study of upper Barakar basin, Bihar
Discussions
Informations on topography (Fig. 1.1), villages (Fig. 1.2) and communication network, drainage (Fig. 1.3), surface water, geomorphology, aquifer geometry (Fig. 1.4), aquifer hydrogeophysical properties, groundwater development feasibility, geohydrology, landuse (Fig. 1.5), demographic (Fig. 1.6) temes have been created, analysed and prepared in GRAM++ environment (BCST/DST, 1999). Besides this The available database contains information about water table data of more than 200 sites, vertical electrical sounding response of 200 sites, 10 years meteorological data, data of hydrographs stations mentioned by Central Ground Water Board and State Ground Water Board. A location detail of these data has been incorporated in the thematic maps in GRAM++. But the huge data on single theme "groundwater" was not integrated. The groundwater data collected and generated in GRAM++ has been rearranged in the GWW format. The data import to GWW is simple and it imports data in asccii format. In the study area authentic bore litholog data is not available where as interactive display of well log, cross-section and fence diagram is one of important facilities available in GWW. Therefore, the electrical log obtained through interpretation of VES response from individual sites have been converted into litho-log/ section and it has been inputted in GWIS as pseudo litho-log. 
In the entire database, well identification is unique number through which data on different geohydrological parameters can retrieve and analysed in specific application module available within the GWW. The single GWIS data file of Upper Barakar Basin, Hazaribagh, Bihar has been internally structured as Master Data, Chemistry, Chemistry, HGWL, Hydrographs, and Welllog. From database in GWW application like display of Master Data (Fig. 2.1), Chemistry (Fig. 2.2), Hydrographs (Fig. 2.3), Mapping (Fig. 2.4), Well Log (Fig. 2.5), Cross Section (Fig. 2.6) and Fence Diagrams (Fig. 2.7) can be performed in users defined format. The details of information available in GWIS is given below 
 
The GWW does not support 3-D display of contours. Further, analysis between two spatial themes is also not possible. For this purposes GRAM++ has been used to derive the village wise information from different thematic maps. The village wise demographic details, infra-structural facilities, area suitable for dugwell, dug-cum-borewell & bore well development, land-use conditions, surface water, soil, wasteland data has been generated in GRAM++. At present GRAM++ and GWW is not interfaced. GWW has facilities for importing DXF format map into the GWIS. But imported map will not be active layer. It can be viewed or displayed like in image only. 
 
Conclusion TheGeographic Information System (GIS) and Ground Water for Window (GWW) has helped in creating interactive ground water information system. The scattered non-standard data on different parameters available with different users agencies have been well arranged in reteriviable format in GWW. Now the GWIS of Upper Barakar basin is providing well arranged and stuctured database. The created information system in GIS and GWW may be used to the standard ground water modeling package. However due to lack of interface between GIS package and GWW, the data realted to other natural resources can not be actively linked togeather. There is further scope for development of interface between GIS ( in prsent case GRAM++). At present there is no common plareform for creation of GWIS in the country. The apporach adopted in the creation of GWIS for Upper Barakar Basin, Hazaribagh may be used in the other parts of Country. GWIS of Upper Barakar has provided oppurtunity to understand the different themes of ground water in integrated manner.
Acknowledgement Authors are thankful to Prof. D. P. Singh, Project Director, Bihar Council on Science and Technology, Patna for giving constant encouragement for research work. Authors are thankful to Deptt of Science and Technology, Govt. of India for providing financial assistance to the project and arranging training course in Ground Water Modeling under NRDMS-UNDP programme. Authors are also thankful to Dr. Jasminko Karanjac for providing training in GWW and Visual Modflow. References
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