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Urban growth monitoring along Islamabad Highway through Satellite
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System
Bushra Naseem Environmental Science Program Fatima Jinnah Women University The Mall, Rawalpindi Pakistan Email: bnms@hotmail.com M. Iqbal Tubbsum Visiting Faculty Member, (Environmental Sciences Program) Fatima Jinnah Women University The Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Email: iqbaltabbsum@yahoo.com Tayyab Ikram Shah Visiting Faculty Member, (Environmental Sciences Program) Fatima Jinnah Women University The Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan Email: tayyabishah@hotmail.com
Introduction
Land development follows two important routes: Land Use, and Expansion of Urban Areas. Land use is characterized as the arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce, change or maintain it. Urbanization is an increasing concentration of the population in cities and transformation of land use and society to a metropolitan pattern of organization. The change detection is necessary for the management of natural resources. To observe the change detection and mark the urban rural fringe, census data is not enough so the integration of Satellite Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System is an enabling technology to monitor urban growth. Forestry is an agent of change and the change can be detected by comparison between two images. Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan and it is the modern city of the world. Urbanization is increasing day by day because of employment, health, and education facilities. The rural locations are merged in urban area producing the urban rural fringe. During the period 1951-61, the rural population of Pakistan had increased by 19.7 percent and the urban population by 56.1 percent. For the eighteen cities listed for which comparative figures for 1962-72 ranges from 24.6 percent for Peshawar to 92 percent for Faisalabad with large cities of Karachi, Lahore and Rawalpindi having increase rates of 81.3, 65.7 and 10.8 percent respectively. The overall rate of increase for all these cities together is 67 percent, which includes growth from reproduction as well as increase from net migrations and annexations. (Table 1) 
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