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Monitoring the Physical Growth of Mandya City: Using GPS
Current Needs in Urban Areas Urban areas are said to be nodal centers for diffusing education, health-care, administration, technology, recreation, goods and services and employment opportunities to surrounding hinterlands. Travelers, businessmen, etc. need data / information regarding the cities. In many cities, few local governments have a city map that cover roads, blocks, boundaries and location of few important places like hospital, bus-stand, post-office, bank, etc. Maps of many cities are outdated and have no complete information of roads, boundaries and physical expansion. Thus, they do not show what has happened over the last five or ten years. There is need to update map of cities showing physical expansion as often as possible so as to monitor the rapid development that takes place within their jurisdiction and beyond. Hence, Mandya city has been taken a piece of research paper out of a see of urban field to create database / information using GPS to make better planning and decision making. Main objectives
 Fig: 1. Location of the Study Area Location of Study Area and Materials The study area selected as Mandya city, which is positioned in the centre belt of the Southern sector of the Karnataka state. It is an administrative head quarter of Mandya District. Physiographically it has been classified as southern Maidan region of the state. It extends from 76o 31' 0’’ to 76o 32' 0'' East longitude and 12o 31' 0'' and 12o 32' 0'' North latitude. The city consists of 35 wards with an area of 1991.98 acres (according to 1971 SOI map) and has a population of 131,179 according to 2001 Census Report. The city is well connected with roads and railway-line and urbanized as well. The materials used were IRS 1D of 2002, Topographic Map of 1971 with scale 1: 50 000, and 1981 with scale 1:25 000. Methodology Remote sensing data are capable of detecting and measuring a variety of elements relating to the morphology of cities, such as the amount, shape, density, textural form and spread of urban areas. In the present study, IRS 1D imagery of 2000 and 1971, 1981 toposheets were Geo-corrected. Mandya city’s boundaries, roads, railway-line were digitized layer by layer with using ERDAS Imagine 8.7 and ArcGIS 9.0 software so as to get position of objects in Mandya city. We navigated along the roads, railway-line, and city boundaries using GPS so as to get latest positions. All the maps were overlapped to know the physical expansion of the city during 1971-2005. Physical Expansion of Mandya City (1971-2005) In 1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001 we have mapped the city expansion using topomaps and IRS 1D merged imageries. However, in 2005 GPS has been used to get coordinates and positions of the roads, railway-line, water-bodies, city boundaries and streets of Mandya city. The study reveals that the rate of physical expansion of Mandya city was not the same in all the decades, it was fluctuating. Maximum extension of the city was noticed during 1971-1981 and minimum growth was during 1981-1991.  Fig: 2. Physical Expansion of the City (1971-2005) In 1971, the urban area of Mandya city was only 1497.60 acres with a population of 72132 and the total length of the city boundary was 14. 5 km. During 1971-81 the population increased to 100286 (39.03%) at the same time physical expansion of the city showed a speedy increase with 2428 (62.12%) acres. At the same stage the total length of the boundary increased from 14.5 km to 19.61. For the period of 1981-1991 population of the city went up to 120265 (19.92%) and the area also widened along with the increase of the population, the total city area was 2829.88 (16.55%) acres and length of the city boundary was 20.51 km. For the duration of 1991-2001, the population as well as city areas experienced slight increased with 31179 (9.07%) and 3564.71(25.94%) acres respectively. The city boundary was 21.71 km during the period. During 2001-2005 again the city showed a marginal growth of population as well as area. The area is 4470.36 (25.40%) and the population is 135650 (3.40%) and length of the boundary increased to 23.62 km. Finally, all the maps are overlaid to know the decade-wise physical expansion of the Mandya city during 1971-2005.  |