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MONITORING OF COMPONENTS OF FIRST PHASE of BDP 2005
( studied through IRS IC data)



Transformation Process
The dynamic change from rural to urban land use is so fast that the resultant need and complex uses coupled with shortage of land have led to speculation and increase in land values. The ever-growing difference between the demand and supplies of house sites and units coupled with B.D.A's restriction on other forms of supply and very high cost of land in the city have increased the pressure of fringe area tremendously which has given rise to proliferation of unauthorized development of land uses-residential and industries etc.

The fringe areas are generally within the jurisdiction of panchayat which has neither the financial resources nor the technical expertise to plan and manage the rapidly developing fringe. They use the municipal services without paying for it. The property and service taxes are relatively higher in the city than in the fringe area and therefore attract industries which intensifies development. Like municipal areas, panchayats have no town planning rules, sub-division regulations and rules for provision of services suited to the dynamic situation of the fringe and haphazard development takes place. Since land in the city is beyond the reach of middle/low income group people, they look for land outside the city limit.

Because of economic and speculative forces imposed on villages in the periphery of Bhopal, massive transformation in their physical form and socio cultural set up takes place, disrupting their age-old healthy relationship. After loss of agricultural land, the villagers are forced to follow urban occupations to adjust to the changing needs.

The village starts transforming itself into an urban village, whose character is determined by the type of surrounding development.

Stages of Transformation
The process of transformation of villages from rural to urban can be broadly divided into following stages:

• Rural - Predominantly agricultural land use.
• Transitional
  Pretransitional - Gradual change starts in rural character.
  Transition - It can be categorized under urban extension.
  Post transition - Becomes almost part and parcel of urban area.
• Urban

Urbanization at the periphery of fast growing cities causes many sensitive land use issues related to housing, infrastructure services, loss of prime agricultural land etc., which can be categorized as.

• Unplanned development.
• Protection of environmental and ecological quality at the peripheries.
• Provision of infrastructure facilities.
• Legal problem

Effects of Transformation

Physical
Reduction of agricultural land holdings, increase in abadi area and concentration of urbanized land, loss of fertile agriculture land, new buildings and built forms, increase in density.

Socio Economic
Occupational change, immigration, out migration, increases in economic status of villagers but usually decrease in quality of life.

Functional
Mixed use increases change from primary to tertiary, more dependence on the parent city.

Environmental and Ecological
Decrease in open spaces and loss of rural character resource base drastically changes traditional sources of water are overloaded or lost. Consequently, villagers are forced to buy food grains rather than to grow.

Findings

• Major land use- Residential converted to commercial in old city.
• Rigid nature of development plan & lack of monitoring mechanism for physical transformation could not guide development in planned manner
• Unplanned Development occurred under reduced legal control.
• Because of lack of applicability of constructional rules the built form has achieved higher far 's
• Master plan Proposals are not based on ground realities
• Lack of provision of infrastructure and basic amenities.

It has been observed that wards located in the northern side of the city have shown a declining trend in the population’s growth, whereas, wards located in the southern side has shown a accelerating trend in population growth.

Organizational Setup
A monitoring cell can be introduced as the apes of all. Effective monitoring system using of remote sensing and GIS would ensure the judicious use of limited resources, helpful in highlighting the true picture of status of land for public usage, protection of prime agricultural land, control of sub-urban sprawl, control of growth, provision of adequate services.

The monitoring cell should ensure the proper information flow between the development agencies of Bhopal.

Conclusions
Plans are afloat to use GIS as a tool for the preparation of the next Master Plan in Bhopal. The application GIS will probably involve immense upheavals in organizational and financial terms. However, it has to be realized that an optimum use of this application cannot be achieved unless the benefits that are we hope to derive from it are clearly defined. This will need a two-step methodology. Firstly, the aims and objectives have to be clearly defined for the project and a full review of the limitations of the presently employed techniques must be conducted. Secondly, GIS has to then be assessed to see how it can be used to derive maximum benefit from it, and the changes that would be needed in the present scenario in turn to help derive these benefits.

References

• Alexander, Ian,C.,City center pattern and problems
• Agarwal, P.,” GIS in Cultural Resource Management in Historic Urban Centers”.
• Chorea, Joseph De., and Koppelman Lee, Planning design Criteria, New York
• Harder C, 1998, Serving Maps on the Internet: Geographic Information on the world wide web; ESRI press

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