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Suitable living condition within cities


Rami Badawi ,
GIS & RS Laboratory,
Department of Urban and Resources Sciences,
Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
E-mail: ramibadawi@yahoo.com


Feng Xue Zhi ,


Zhang You Shui1


Abstract
High spatial resolution remote sensing such as IKONOS satellite and its sensors have the potential for more detailed and accurate mapping of urban land cover and land use. In this study we tried to focus on the spectral properties of urban materials and their representation, and mapping specially mapping of vegetation cover area. The vegetation cover maps inside the city include the vegetation types and areas. Remote sensing data and some software such as ERDAS produce vegetation and land use maps, then we Compared the vegetation cover maps with the indicators green coverage of the constructed area items for the national environmental model city system in china, Taking Nanjing city capital of Jiang Su province as a case study, this investigation tried to see if the development of Nanjing city takes into account the urban green cover to fit the proper living conditions for the residents.

Introduction:
The work presented in this paper deals with one of the major items for the national environmental city in China. The objective of the project is to advance the planning and the design of urban green space depending on the green cover maps. These maps were prepared using high spatial resolution remote sensing data. In this project, methodologies are developed in order to identify the types and variety of green spaces that best satisfy people's requirements and to identifying the need area from the green caver within city. Urban parks provide an essential contribution to the citizen’s quality of life, they diffuse life long learning and encourage neighborhood activities helping to reinforce urban communities.

It was established that strategic planning can maximize the contribution of urban green space to quality of life. Three-dimensional visualization plays a key role in the Green space project, by allowing people to discover existing and hypothetical scenarios of urban green sites. The biophysical and microclimatological role and function of vegetation in urban landscapes can help to know how the green space is important. The process of urbanization replaces natural features such as vegetation and bare soil with built material for residential and commercial buildings, roadways and parking lots. Along with these structural changes, urbanization also influences metabolic modifications, since the concentration of human activities increases the emissions of heat, water vapor and pollutants.

An increase of vegetated surfaces in the urban landscape can help mitigate several negative effects of urbanization on climate, air pollution, since they contribute to the reduction of the structural differences between the urban area and its rural surrounding. The mitigation processes operated by the vegetation take place both through biophysical and microclimatological properties.

What are the major items for the national environmental model city?

The Examination Items for the National Environmental Model City


No. Item Requirements
1 Quantitative examination of the urban environmental comprehensive improvement Ranks top in the last three years continually.
2 Named with "the National Sanitary City" Has passed the examination for the National Sanitary City.
3 Index of the environmental protection investment > 1.5% of the city GDP
4 Per Capital GDP > 10,000 Yuan per person
5 Economy Increasing Rate > average National Increasing Rate
6 Population Increasing Rate naturally < National planned target
7 Energy consumption for per GDP unit < national average
8 Water consumption for per GDP unit < national average
9 Air Pollution Indices API < 100 by using automatic and consecutive air monitoring system
10 Compliance rate of the water quality at the source area for the center-supplied drinking water >96 percent
11 Compliance rate of water quality in functional zones 100 percent and no worse than water quality Grade V appeared in urban area
12 Average value for district environmental noise <60dB(A)
13 Average noise value for main roads <70dB(A)
14 Coverage of natural reserves > 5 percent of the city
15 Green coverage of the constructed area > 30 percent
16 Treatment rate of the urban domestic waste water > 50 percent
17 Compliance rate of the industrial waste water discharge 100 percent
18 Gas utilization rate in urban area > 90 percent
19 Central heating rate Only suitable for cities in the north China
20 Dish armful disposal rate of domestic solid wastes > 90 percent
21 Comprehensive reuse rate of industrial solid wastes > 70 percent, and no any discharge of dangerous industrial waste
22 Coverage of smoke and dust controlled area > 90 percent
23 Coverage of compliance rate of environmental noise > 60 percent
24 Information related to the Regular meetings on environmental protection hold by the City CP Committee and/or City Government > One time per year
25 Independent environmental protection institutional structure Establish/complete the independent environmental protection institutions.
26 Public satisfaction rate for urban environment survey for not less than 0.01 percent of the population and satisfaction rate > 60 percent
27 To implement the plan on the abatement of the total amount of the pollutant discharge, to vote any project with the new potential pollution just by environmental protection issue and to include the environmental protection into the social and economic development plan Related plans or documents are accord with the requirement of the examination for the model city.To complete the abatement plan on time.
> Greater than; < Lesser than
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