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Characteristic of Urban Development and Commuters in Metropolitan BandungThe Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA) contained in four local government districts: (i) Bandung Municipality, (ii) Bandung regency, (iii) Cimahi Municipality and (iv) parts of Sumedang Regency. Bandung Municipality is the core area of BMA and also as capital of West Java Province and center of commercial, industry, educational and cultural activities in the region. The total population of BMA on year 2002 is of over 6.9 millions which are forecasted increase to almost 14.6 million by the year 2025. There is developable land sufficient to accommodate population of around 15 million at not excessive densities. The proportion of population in the inner area is estimated to decrease slightly from 80% in 1995 to 79% by 2030. The rate of growth is expected to increase as the economy builds and infrastructure becomes more developed (Tamin, 2005) Despite development progress made through externally supported projects since 1974, water supply coverage in 1996 was only 40 percent, traffic congestion was severe, local and generalized flooding continued, and several urban services enterprises were financially unsustainable. BMA contends with rapid urban growth and with poor cross-boundary coordination.  Figure 1. Growth of Built up Area in Metropolitan Bandung 1994 - 2001 Source : Regional Planning Board of West Java Province As drawn on figure 1, built up area has growth into west, south and eastern part of BMA. The spreading of built up area has many implications such as commuter increase much higher, the need of infrastructure within and connecting sub urban into core area of BMA (urban area) is also increase continuously. In regards to development of BMA, Tamin (2005) indicated that the highest transport demand is found on the east-west corridor between Padalarang, Bandung and Cicalengka and to the university and recreation area at Jatinangor. As demand is forecast to increase substantially in the future, the development of a transit system in this corridor is considered the highest priority. One of the transportation infrastructures connecting some part of BMA is local train which is crossing from east to west. With regard to the condition analysis of correlation between local train and residential will have great beneficiary in order to integrated development between sub urban and urban area. That is because local train is one of public transport with specific characteristic both of its advantages and disadvantages. Residential development at BMA Originally during the colonial times the city of Bandung developed as the meeting place for plantation owner surrounding the areas. The socio – economic growth of Bandung leads to a city planned for around 300.000 residential. The railways track divide the city into the north areas of Bandung as the residential areas for the Netherlands and the the South part of Bandung for the domestic citizen. At present the well – planned residential areas can still be found in both parts, which built in different decades. Bandung regency emerge around mid 17 century, the main economy at that time was agriculture. In 25 September 1810, the head of Bandung regency decided to built a new urban areas namely the city of Bandung. The official record named the ex officio mayor of Bandung start since 1906 and the mayor on 1920. Around year 1986 because of the socio- economy pressure, central government agreed to the request of the city of Bandung to expand of its area to the east. Since then the residential areas of Bandung expand not only to the north but also to the east. Looking into the residential areas surrounding the nodes of the railways, we could name several important points namely:
General condition of commuters in BMA Current and trend of development in BMA has shown that development of sub urban has increased rapidly by the time in particularly development of residential area. Unfortunately the development is not followed by spreading infrastructure to sub urban area, however main urban infrastructure and activities are still located in Bandung City as core of urban area in BMA. In regard to the condition, more citizen become commuters because their house now located in sub urban while location of their job and facilities are still located in urban area.  Figure 2 Order of Cities and Transportation Infrastructure in BMA In commuting activities, citizens have many choices in using public transport for their traveling. A present public transportation in the MBA is mainly provided by conventional bus services, paratransits (angkots), taxis and minibuses. Due to the operation of those various number of public transports in the crowded parts of the city, traffic congestions happen everywhere even on artery roads (Tamim, 2005). The condition indicated current usages of public transport bring serious problems on city development. Furthermore comprehensive transport management including providing mass transportation is very essential and absolutely required. One of the public transports that possible to minimize the problem is commuting train. Unfortunately, on the present condition commuting train is not a main choice for commuters due to several reason, such as limitation on frequently and access, uncertain time schedule and also image that commuting train only for low income people. Because of the condition, current commuting passengers are citizen living near train station and the one who have no other choice or very limited budget for transportation cost. |