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Application of GIS to describe historical urban development of Kharga city, Egypt
The recent historical growth It was clearly that the old history has been preserved on the walls of temples and monuments. But the recent history must be preserved on computer systems as a digital form, which is the modern view. The next context explains how to create comprehensive historical background and define the main direction of urban growth of the Kharga City using GIS techniques. Methodology Creating base-map and database for Kharga City. The base-map has been created as a themes maps- each one describes different land-use. Totally the base-map consists of 7322 land parcels, each of them has been joined with its attribute record in the database that contains for each parcel tabular data such as ID-Cod, Land-use activity, Parcel’s area, parcel’s Perimeter, Number of floors, Total floors area, Construction state, Registration number in governorat cadastre, Building collection method, Ownership, Construction material, Number of People in building, and year of construction,…. etc.  Experimental Work with ArcView GIS To perform a historical growth of the city using GIS techniques, we use the following procedures: - “Merge themes together” operation in “Geo-processing” tool has been used to merge all land use themes. This operation appends the features of the merged themes into a single theme, the attributes has been retained because the attributes of each land use themes have the same names. The output file of this operation is the all land-use theme, which named “Kharga Land Use (KLU)”. Dissolving features of land-use map Construction time of each building is the individual indicator for knowing the historical growth of the city. Therefore, dissolving features of KLU theme based on “Year of Construction” attribute is the used operation -in Geo-processing tool- to create the Historical Land Use (HLU) theme with carrying out some additional fields in the output tabular data file such as average, sum, minimum, maximum of each field attribute, etc. This theme is presented by the “Graduated Color legend” type according to the classification of the Construction Year attribute field. The range of construction field has been divided into 10 grades, each grade of them is presents one decade starting from 1900 to 2000, in addition to two grades present the constructed buildings since b.c. and the under construction buildings. Querying and summarizing data The table attributes data of KLU theme has been summarized to perform the development of Land use areas, and people activities shown in fig. 1, and fig. 3 respectively. The summarizing operation depended on the Count of parcels, Sum-Area, and Sum-People in each land uses activity. This operation has been repeated for each decade, which has been selected by querying operation. Presenting the result as charts, tables, and figures Figures 1 and 3 have been performed using Microsoft Excel software with the result data of querying and summarizing operations in ArcView GIS. Figure 2 has been performed using ArcView GIS as a layout of achieved maps. |