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Application of GIS to describe historical urban development of Kharga city, Egypt
Most of these sites are under-construction. The industrial and workshops crafts areas have been specified in west direction around the Kharga-Dakhla road, some of the parcels have been built, and most of them are under-construction (see 10). In the tourist field, the governorat and private companies have built hotels such as AL-Kharga Hotel, AL-Waha hotel, Hamad Allah Hotel, AL-Dar AL-Bidaa Hotel and AL-Rouad Hotel. Regarding the transportation, the governorat has created a railroad joining Kharga with Safaga on the Red Sea beach for export the phosphates from Abou Tartour. Also joining the Kharga City with its villages for people traveling. People activites development: Fig. (3) shows that since 1900 to 1960 the main activity of people was in the agriculture field until the change from oasis to city happened. then the administrative jobs became the main activity of people, morever the people that working in the educational services became more than whom working in agricultuer field since 1980s. Conclusion and recommendation Through this paper we conclude that: not only although urban planning has used computer model and information system the local governorat use traditional methods for planning process but also it depends on few inexpert engineers for urban planning of Kharga city. The GIS technique is a powerful tool for performing the historical urban development, 1958 is mainly the change point of Kharga City where all land use of the city has been developed as well as before. On 1958 the construction caravan developed the wells and doubled the agricultural land from 2 square Km to 4 square Km.. In addition increased the palm land from 3.8 square Km to 4.3 square Km. The main growth direction of Kharga City is the northward – southward, Kharga City grown around two centers (the agriculture land and the archaeological monuments). During the twentieth century the area of houses land uses is nearly equalize the area of streets land uses. Since 1970 until now, the extension development of agriculture and palm Standstill and the Kharga oasis has began urbanized since 1970. Urban planning management of Kharga City doesn’t obey to any planning principles where land parcels specialization process can be considered a random method of land distribution. Thus we recommend strongly the local government to conveyance the urban planning process to the specialists such as National Planning institute or the universities of planning 
Fig. (3) Development curve of people activities in Kharga City. References
The authors thank everybody whom, by discussion, advice, review, or assistance with preparation of this paper or the Ph. D. thesis of the first author, have helped. Ao. Univ. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang feilmayr gave help and advice in connection to the library of, faculty of architecture and planning at Technical University of Vienna. Similarly the first author acknowledge advice from Obrat. Dipl-Ing. Leopold Riedl, at faculty of architecture and planning at Technical University of Vienna, who help him during learning the techniques of GIS. Also authors thanks Assistant Prof. Dr. Antar A. Korin at Minia University, Egypt, for sending references, comments, and helpful advice.
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