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Address-Based Geospatial Applications: A Case Study of Trabzon, Turkey
5. Addressing Applications In TAIS a) Address Matching Address matching is the process of adding location information to a database containing business, survey or administrative records. It is a very powerful GIS technology, because it can transform any existing database with street addresses into a GIS database that can be mapped or used as input into more sophisticated spatial analyses. Address matching is inexpensive, as well, since it can be performed on microcomputers with low-cost GIS software and the address referenced fields. Although address matching has a number of important limitations, it is nevertheless one of the most cost-effective means for applying GIS mapping and spatial analysis tools to the country's pressing urban problems [William, 1995]. b) Address Geocoding Geocoding is the process by which a point added locations defined by street address or other address information, to a map. It is the computer equivalent of pushing pins into a street map on wall. When a geocode tabular data containing addresses, software reads the address, finds where they are located on a map, and creates a new theme containing a point for each address it was able to find. Address is probably the most commonly used form of geographic data. By geocoding address data a wide range of applications can be performed, from showing where students live in relation to their schools, to mapping customers to help users to decide where to locate new branch offices, to analyzing a city’s crime patterns etc [Ncjrs, 2000]. In Figure 3 address references fields is showed.  Figure 3: An example of Address Matching in TAIS c) Real Estate Tax Collection Local governments (and some cities) are responsible for identifying land parcels and buildings for the purposes of property taxation or recording of interests on land. In application which is performed in Trabzon City real estate taxes computed automatically and using address data they were communicated tax payers (Figure 4). In this way, tax collection processing was implemented in an optimum way.  Figure 4: Trabzon City Real Estate Tax Collection d) Emergency Analysis In urgent cases, like arriving to target area in minimum time of ambulance, fire brigade and police vehicles, deciding fire brigades center’s location, deciding which house’s electrical are cut off in breakdown cases, network analysis are used [Yomralioglu, T., 2000]. Using address data, these queries and analysis are the most effective methods for optimum deciding. Because address data is a position identifier and it is often used in these cases (Figure 5).  Figure 5: Using address data to find the most route for hospital e) Distribution Applications Determining the best location for warehouses and distribution facilities is an intimidating task. Hundreds of candidate locations and thousands of customers crate millions of freight rate combinations that need to be considered in just one facility location problem. Despite these challenges, progressive companies routinely study their distribution costs or improve customer service. Consequently, using GIS functions and address data sets to perform distribution network design is very simple [Clayton and Bates, 2001]. f) School Enrolment - Bus Route Service Using address data and address matching procedure to place X and Y coordinate on each matched address and then use the coordinate location to geocode the school attendance area. Once the coordinate is placed on the matched maps are generated showing each student location in relationship to the attendance area. Sometimes these maps take the form of “desire line” maps, or “spider maps” which draw a line from each student address to the school of attendance over a street base simple. Address data is used for design services route too. For example, a company have provided employee address data to run through the address matching procedure. Then, with an X and Y coordinate value assigned to each matched employee, a “spatial look” at the results can be made. In these scenarios, it is produced a set of maps and visually evaluates the results; comparing the employee locations, density of employees and proximity to existing routes to make a determination on any route changes simple [Clayton and Bates, 2001]. g) Real Estate Valuation (Land Valuation) In order to estimate the effect of an individual variable upon property prices, the structural, neighborhood, accessibility as well as the environmental attributes of a property need to be calculated. For example, accessibility variables define the ease with which local amenities can be reached from the property and for study school, railway stations, shops, parks and the Town Hall were all considered. Having located these facilities using various local directories, they were referenced using address data and address matching procedures [Lake et al, 1998]. 6. Conclusion In spite of the many differences that the address system in various countries and regions show, they still fulfill the same basic needs: To identify certain locations, where we live, work and educate ourselves, in a language which mirrors the way we get around: our common road network [Lind, 2000]. Address data provide many advantages over street segments files, and in the community safety arena may actually become a necessary component for building future applications. In order to meets these demands, GIS professionals need to understand how to create and maintain the site address data, and make each address as positional correct as possible [Bates, 2002]. Seconds or minutes are very important for life. In emergency cases, delay with determining positing using address data directly effects man health. In this respect, it seems that address data is a rescuer in usually. So, it is important that integrating these data and information systems. It should no be forgotten, “nobody can help you, if they cannot find you”. References
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