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The application of GIS to monitor sewage sluice
Aihua WEN Center of Chemical Experiment, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology P.O.Box 2508 , No.202, Haihe Road, Nangang District,Harbin , Heilongjiang Province, China Tel: 0086-451-86282153, Fax: 0086-451-86282704, Email: wenah@hit.edu.cn Aiping TANG School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology P.O.Box 2518 , No.202, Haihe Road, Nangang District,Harbin , Heilongjiang Province, China Tel: 0086-451-86282090,Fax: 0086-451-86282704 Email:- tangap@hit.edu.cn Abstract Sewage sluice has led to large mounts of water pollution and bring a serious damage of everyday production and living in China, almost all of rivers near the urban area in China have been heavily polluted due to sewage sluice from factories and living. It is necessary to stop the terrible tendency in order to keep the economic healthy development. The paper introduces a monitoring network of sewage sluice based on GIS. In this network, river systems and these polluted sources are monitored based on GIS by use of water quality measure, and the spatial analysis models in GIS is applied to assess the possible polluted bound based on the pollution diffused model. 1. Introduction According to the 1999 annual statistical report of the China Environment Administration Bureau (CEAB), the water pollution is becoming more serious and more serious in the past decade, because of the rapid industrial development and excessive using fertilizer and pesticide, the china are facing the severe water pollution in its entire water environment, including river, lake and underground water. According to the statistics, the gross of sewage sluice in 1999 is 60.6 billion ton, 46.5 percent of the total river length is polluted, Water pollution occurs in both rural and urban areas. In rural areas, drinking water from natural sources such as rivers and streams is usually polluted by organic substances from upstream users who use water for agricultural activities and daily life. Much more 90 percent of rivers in urban area are polluted. The sewage disposal has faced a hard challenge to keep the sustainable development of China. Although many cities have begun to build water sewage disposal factories, some of them have been run, however, because the expensive running and management fees, the actual function of sewage disposal systems is far lower their designed ability. Experiments in actual engineering have proved that the monitoring is a powerful method to improve the function of sewage disposal. Among kinds of sensor, fiber optic chemical sensors (FOCS) is an ideal sensor for the sewage disposal monitoring, because FOCS can offer several advantages over traditional sensors: light weight and small size, flexibility, strong immunity to electromagnetic interference, high temperatures, vibration and shock toleration, and it can be used in electrically-noisy environments and does not constitute an ignition hazard. By now, fiber optic chemical sensors are wildly applied in almost all of fields related to chemical engineering. In sewage disposal monitoring, FOCS has found its trace since 1970s, and has been rapidly developed in recent decades. So far, the important monitoring objects of FOCS applied in the sewage disposal monitoring are oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfured, and hydrogen heavy metal. Herein, a methane monitoring based on FOCS in sewage disposal is presented and a GIS based on monitoring sewage sluice is built up. 2 Design of Monitoring Network Based on GIS The methane is the important indicator of sewage and air pollution, particular in petrochemicals production area. Monitoring the methane in sewage is very important to reduce the super-criterion sewage sluice and air pollution. The monitoring frame based on fiber optic methane sensor is simply described in Figure 1.  Figure. 1 schematic structure of methane monitoring based on fiber optic methane sensor GIS is an ideal tool to build this large monitoring network. Here, Arcview 3.0 and Visual C++ 6.0 are applied to building this monitoring network of methane in sewage sluice. According to the requirement of monitoring network, this system is designed as following (Figure 2).  Figure 2 systemic diagram of monitoring sewage sluice This system is divided into two sub-systems, one is spatial data analysis and management, the other is monitoring data disposal and analyzing. The former is built based on GIS, and the latter is done in Visual C++. They are integrated through the data-interface technique. The monitoring data are transmitted to the center of data disposal and are analyzed in Visual C++; then, these analyzing results are inputted into GIS; display, query, update and spatial analysis are done in Arcview. 3 Illustrations A demonstrated experiment project has been set up in Daqing city, Heilongjiang Province. The sewage pipeline system is described in Figure 5, these numbers stand for the monitoring point positions.  Figure 3 Network of a sewage system In this sewage pipeline system, the 24th point is the outfall where sewage enters the river. The methane content in every monitoring position can be real-time identified in Arcview. Anytime, any position with high methane content will be displayed in Arcview and an alarm will be warned. 4 Conclusions Development of monitoring technique based on FOCS of methane and GIS is an important researching direction in reduce the sewage sluice; it can also be used in other fields, such as mining engineering, atmosphere pollution mitigation, solid waste disposal. GIS has widely been applied in environment monitoring, and some experimental projects are doing in China at present, there are many significant achievements to be got. REFERENCES
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