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Optimization of cable path in a WAN using GIS
Optimum path for outdoor fiber: The digital map of the campus is taken and the basic operations such as Geo referencing, digitizing are carried out. For georeferencing we have to store the map in TIF image format and then create a note pad file with TFW extension. We should store both these in the same folder in which we are working and the other files which are created by Arc view are automatically stored in this folder. The georeferncing was done in comparison with the length and breadth of Budh bhawan. Then the different bhawans were digitized as a polygon theme and the road network was also digitized as a separate theme. The themes are stored as shape files with the .shp extension. Arc view automatically creates .dbf and .shx files for these themes. The plans: The first phase of the project is aimed at finding an optimum path for the outdoor fiber i.e. from the master switch to the distribution switch so that the material cost and trenching cost is reduced. Basically we have two plans for the path of the out door fiber which has to travel from IPC to all the bhawans. In the above two plans we have taken into consideration future aspects i.e. we have not considered vacant lands for routing of the fiber. This is because in future there may be plans for constructing a building there, as a result of which the cables will be buried under them causing problems. In plan-I we have taken the fiber along the roads i.e. we have used the existing road network to get to the bhawans. The length of cable required for this purpose is shown in Table (1). The layout is shown in Fig (1). In plan – II the cables were taken along the walls of the bhawans. The length of cable required based on plan-II is shown in Table (1).The layout is shown in Fig (2). In this plan we aim to reduce the cost due to trenching also i.e. we are taking the fiber inside bhawans which are connected.  Plan-I Fig (1).  Plan – II Fig (2).
Length of cable required based on plan-I = 8692.016m Length of cable required based on plan-II = 8503.646m We see that there is a saving of 200m of optical fiber in following plan-II. Even though plan-II shows a saving, the fiber has to confront many bends while taking it inside the bhawans. This is not advisable as it can result in head losses and reduce the life or even damage the fiber. Thus in terms of future aspects we can say that plan-I will be more efficient. As a result we can say plan-II shows a small saving at the cost of quality. Optimum path for indoor copper wires: This part mainly describes the method followed for obtaining the best layout for the copper wires inside the bhawans. The first step is to obtain the digital map showing all the features of the bhawan, but unfortunately none exists. So we created a 3-d model of the bhawan using AutoCAD release-14. CAD drawings are mostly used to produce maps and occasionally to query block attributes associated with a symbol. In a typical GIS application, these attributes are stored as a row in a table associated with a corresponding feature. Once you establish this link, you may query features based on attribute values and you may perform advanced GIS operations on these features. The length, breadth and height of the bhawan were measured physically as also for the rooms. Thus the AutoCAD image was an exact replica of the bhawan including the measurements. The next step was to use the AutoCAD image in arc view. Arc view supports CAD images with .dwg and .dwx extensions. The 2-D image of the bhawan was imported into arc view as a map. This map was georeferenced so that real measurements of the bhawan can be used. We then created network path similar to the road network. This catered to all the rooms in the bhawan taking into consideration all the constraints. The various constraints to be kept in mind are as follows:
 Fig (3) PLAN-I: In this plan we have used 4 access switches in one hostel, 2 in the ground floor and 2 in the first floor. In the first floor 1 is placed in the common room and the other directly opposite on the other end of the hostel and same arrangement applies for ground floor also. The figure(3) shows only the positions of the switch in the first floor. The result obtained for this plan is shown in Table (2).
Table (2). |