Time Line
1950
On 13th November, the policy of restriction on maps is first enunciated vide Ministry of Defence, Government of India, letter No. F.119/49/D-1.
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The National Sample Survey (NSS) sets up a programme of conducting large scale surveys to provide data for estimation of national income and related aggregates, especially related to unorganised sectors of the economy and for planning and policy formulation.
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The Soviet cartographers publish two volumes and index of the ‘Morskoi Atlas’.
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The Meteorological Office of Britain publishes the ‘Climatological Atlas of the British Isles’.
1951
Planning in India starts with the First Five Year Plan (1951-56).
1954 The Naval Hydrographic Office is established, which is responsible for hydrographic surveying and charting of the Indian Waters.
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Development of Photography is introduced and the first stereo plotting machine a Wild Autograph A-7 was brought at Survey of India.
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The Soviet cartographers prepare the ‘Atlas Mira’.
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From 1954 to 1960, ‘Atlas of Australian Resources’ with maps of Australia generally on the scale of 1:6 million is published.
1956
At the instance of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation (NATMO) is founded.
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SOI assumes its new dimensions with the switch over to the metric system.
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The French Institute of Pondicherry, ‘Institute Francais de Pondicherry is established through the treaty of Cession of French Establishment in India.
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The Institute Geographique National, Paris, publishes the ‘Relief Form Atlas’ in French and English editions.
1957
With the launch of Sputnik, mounting of cameras on orbiting spacecraft becomes possible.
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The first ‘National Atlas of India’ is produced in Hindi.
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An elaborate successor of the ‘Canadian Atlas’ is published.
1958
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is established.
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The Defence Research and Development Organisation, India (DRDO) is established by amalgamating Defence Science Organisation and some of the Technical Development Establishments.
1959
The US AMS series of maps covering the Himalaya Range from Bhutan to Pakistan on 1:250,000 scale is published.
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13 founding members in Bern form the International Cartographic Association.
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NASA
National Aeronautics Space and Administration (NASA) has a rich history of unique scientific and technological achievements in human space flight, aeronautics, space science and space applications. NASA, formed on October 1, 1958 as a result of the Sputnik crisis of confidence, inherited the earlier National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) and other US government organisations and almost immediately began working on options for human space flight. NASA’s first high profile programme was Project Mercury and Project Gemini that used spacecraft built for two astronauts. NASA’s human space flight efforts then extended to the moon with Project Apollo, culminating in 1969 when the Apollo 11 mission first put humans on the lunar surface. After the Skylab and Apollo-Soyuz Test Projects of the early and mid 1970s, NASA’a human space flight efforts again resumed in 1981, with the Space shuttle programme that continues today to help build the International Space Station.
Edifying the NACA roots, NASA has continued to conduct many types of cutting-edge aeronautics research and also on such topics as "lifting bodies" (wingless airplanes) and "supercritical wings" to dampen the effect of shock waves on transonic aircraft. In addition, NASA has launched a number of significant scientific probes such as the Pioneer and Voyager spacecraft that have explored the Moon, the planets, and the other areas of our solar system. NASA has sent several spacecraft to investigate Mars including the Viking and Mars Pathfinder spacecraft. The Hubble Space Telescope and other space science spacecraft have enabled scientists to make a number of significant astronomical discoveries about our universe. NASA has helped bring about new generations of communication satellites such as the Echo, Telstar and Syncom satellites. NASA’s efforts have literally changed the way we view our home planet; the Landsat and Earth Observing System spacecraft have contributed many important scientific findings.
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NATMO
Established in 1956, National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation (NATMO) is the premier organisation in India in the field of preparation of thematic maps. The functions of the organisation are compilation of the National Atlas of India in English and Hindi, preparation of National Atlas Maps in regional languages, preparation of thematic maps based on research studies on environmental and associated aspects and their impact on social and economic development, installation of Automated Mapping System for increasing efficiency in mapping and Geographical / Cartographical research and training. In the year of its establishment, NATMO produced the first National Atlas of India combining statistical thematic mapping to cartographic knowledge.
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