NASA delays Atlantis Shuttle launch to February

NASA delays Atlantis Shuttle launch to February

CAPE CANAVERAL - NASA decided on Monday it would delay this week's planned launch of the space shuttle Atlantis and the laboratory module it was supposed to deliver to the International Space Station until February.

The space agency had planned to launch Atlantis on Friday, but mission managers grew worried about the solid-fuel booster rockets strapped to either side of the large, external fuel tank mounted on the shuttle's back during liftoff. Two minutes after liftoff, explosives are supposed to separate the booster rockets from the shuttle, but a bad electrical connection on the shuttle Endeavour when it launched last November could have prevented that separation had a back-up system not done the job.

If a booster rocket did not separate, both the shuttle and its crew would be in grave danger, officials said. The identical cables on Atlantis were X-rayed before the shuttle was rolled to its launch pad and no problems were found. But engineers, while testing another system, found that subjecting the cables to vibrations similar to those experienced at liftoff did occasionally cause a failure.

NASA spokesman George Diller said Atlantis would be rolled back to the Vehicle Assembly Building at the Kennedy Space Center for further tests. Launch will not be rescheduled before February 6.

The $1.4 billion laboratory module in the shuttle's payload bay is among the most critical pieces of hardware destined for the orbiting space station, which is expected to remain under construction until 2006.

The $60 billion station is a joint project of the United States, Russia, Europe, Japan and Canada.

Atlantis (OV-104)

Background Atlantis, the fourth orbiter to become operational at Kennedy Space Center, was named after the primary research vessel for the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts from 1930 to 1966. The two-masted, 460-ton ketch was the first U.S. vessel to be used for oceanographic research. Such research was considered to be one of the last bastions of the sailing vessel as steam-and-diesel-powered vessels dominated the waterways. The steel-hulled ocean research ship was approximately 140 feet long and 29 feet wide to add to her stability. She featured a crew of 17 and room for five scientists. The research personnel worked in two onboard laboratories, examining water samples and marine life brought to the surface by two large winches from thousands of feet below the surface. The water samples taken at different depths varied in temperature, providing clues to the flow of ocean currents. The crew also used the first electronic sounding devices to map the ocean floor. The spaceship Atlantis has carried on the spirit of the sailing vessel with several important voyages of its own, including the Galileo planetary explorer mission in 1989 and the deployment of the Arthur Holley Compton Gamma Ray Observatory in 1991. In the day-to-day world of Shuttle operations and processing, Space Shuttle orbiters go by a more prosaic designation. Atlantis is commonly refered to as OV-104, for Orbiter Vehicle-104. Empty Weight was 151,315 lbs at rollout and 171,000 lbs with main engines installed.

Upgrades and Features
Atlantis benefited from lessons learned in the construction and testing of Enterprise, Columbia and Challenger. At rollout, its weight was some 6,974 pounds less than Columbia. The Experience gained during the Orbiter assembly process also enabled Atlantis to be completed with a 49.5 percent reduction in man hours (compared to Columbia). Much of this decrease can be attributed to the greater use of thermal protection blankets on the upper orbiter body instead of tiles. During the construction of Discovery and Atlantis, NASA opted to have the various contractors manufacture a set of 'structural spares' to facilitate the repair of an Orbiter if one was damaged during an accident. This contract was valued at $389 million and consisted of a spare aft-fuselage, mid-fuselage, forward fuselage halves, vertical tail and rudder, wings, elevons and a body flap. These spares were later assembled into the orbiter Endeavour. Atlantis was shipped to California to undergo upgrades and modifications. These modifications include a drag chute, new plumbing lines that configure the orbiter for extended duration, more than 800 new heat protection tiles and blankets and new insulation for the main landing gear doors, structural mods to the Atlantis airframe. Altogether, 165 modifications were made to Atlantis over the 20 months it spent in Palmdale, California.