Emerging application area of GPS
Dr. Mukta Girdhar
The GPS and GIS Technologies are very powerful tools for mapping. However by integrating GIS and GPS technology the benefits are multiplied several times over.
GPS is a constellation of 27 satellites orbiting the earth at about 12,000 miles. These satellites are continuously transmitting a signal and anyone with a GPS received on earth can received this transmission at no charges. By measuring the travel time of signals transmitted from each satellite, a GPS received can calculate its distance from the satellite. Satellite position is used by receiver as precise reference points to determine the location of the GPS receiver. If a receiver can receive signals from at least 4 satellites it can determine latitude longitude, altitude and time. The satellite are in orbit such that at any time any where on the plant one should be able to receive signals from at least 4 satellites. The basic GPS services provides commercial uses with on accuracy of 100 meters, 95% of the time any where on the earth.
GPS technology offers several advantages first and foremost, the services are free word wide and any one with a receiver can receive the signals and locate a position. Second the system supports unlimited uses simultaneously third one of the great advantages of GPS in the fact that it provides navigation capability. These services deliver Geographic Information between mobile and static users, like the Internet and wireless network. This services enhanced safety calling, roadside assistance, personal navigation and tracking services. I mention here the area and their uses where GPS has to be used very prominently. Fleet Management System This system helpful for remote vehicle tracking and monitoring. It helps to manage affect of vehicle by gaining control of travel records and time. They eliminate the time consuming task of manually completing mileage logs, to track missing data or verify hand written information. These advanced system could help to manage fuel consumption, velocity, load balancing, vehicle positioning. Once data collection of the fleet activity is automated and accurate, depicting it as comprehensive report is easy, giving way to effective management and business efficacy an a highly competitive industry scenario like today. GPS based fleet management system and their solution is dependent on the various requirements determining size, accuracy, economic constraints and the like affecting, in turn, efficiency, productivity and profitability. GPS based feet management system could be divided in to three major types.
This system is based on tracking read time data of vehicle position. These systems allow company is to contract their vehicle any time, day or night, to determine current location and immediately retrieve other vehicle usage data. Passive fleet management systems Passive system is not having real time transmission of data. An on board memory with in each vehicle logs the GPS tracking information and upload it to an office based P con the vehicles return to base. The passive system is designed more for companies that need to manage their fleets by reviewing the usage of the vehicle but does not need this information in real time. Fleet managers often want to track information such as when and where delivery vehicles stop and for what duration or generate speeding reports. Passive systems are very cost effective. The passive system hardware is typically laps expensive than the system hardware and in addition, there are no ongoing airtime costs for SMS bother of a wireless network Hybrid Fleet Management These combine both active and passive system for companies that want the advanced management information available from passive solution plus the ability to locate vehicle instantly. These system are definitely more cost effective than AVI system because have these is the choice of polling location data when the data is uploaded, on return in the base station. Marine Navigation GPS is useful to safe navigation of ship at sea and in connected waters. The electronic navigation chart and GPS position of ship, where input to a computer system called on electronic chart display and information system or ECDIS provides a real time graphic display of ships position on a video screen along and with respect to the Geo Graphical Information contained in the ENC. GPS methodology are used for survey for geodetic control ashore, point positioning methods and bone line methods fishing charts, coastal zone management. Air Craft Navigation The GPS is the only navigation system, which has the capability to show the user his exact position on the earth anytime, in any weather, anywhere. Due to its versatility economy and reliability and the rapid advancement in the aircraft are now equipped with GPS navigation systems. As a follow up, all the international airport in the world are now required to be surveyed with reference to the world Geodatic reference system. The systems is being used for numerous applications, including surveying, geodesy, geodynamics, vehicle guidance systems, navigation in land vehicles, aircraft and The GPS control work is used in Nagpur airport is probably the first of its kind for airport survey. Data Collection GPS is useful for field data collection and verification, data viewing, what lies during disaster relief, rehabilitation and resource operations. Due to limitations of communications backbone transition between server and client must be bare minimum.
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