GISdevelopment.net ---> GITA 1997 ---> Lessons Learned

Enterprise wide decision support system for the city of San Diego water department

Richard Hammett
Water Department, MIS/GIS Selection Manager

Linda Schmidt
MIS/GIS Selection, INfrastructure team supervisor

Larry Rinehart
MIS/GIS Section, Infrastructure team Supervisor

Susan Wynne
MIS/GIS Section, GIS team supervisor

Tom Miller
San Diego data processing corporation, General Manager


Information for running a business is a strategic asset that must be developed, stored and retrieved using the most efficient, reliable and cost effective practices. This paper briefly discusses the technology practices used by the City of San Diego Water Department to manage information.

The City of San Diego Water Department has developed an enterprise-wide decision support system to provide information for water facilities planning, design, operation and maintenance. This system is referred to as TIDES: Total]y Integrated Data Enterprise System. Developed using an emphasis on mission-critical data, TIDES is composed of eight technology components that are briefly discussed in this paper. Objectives of the presentation and paper are to help the reader and audience understand the process to create an enterprise-wide decision support system; demonstrate the success of the enterprise-wide approach and highlight the potential problems with this approach.

Lessons Learned From the Tides Experience
Here are some of the most important lessons that have been learned from the TIDES experience:
  • Up front management planning, led by an experienced professional is crucial.
  • Select seasoned information technology service and resource providers, led by a seasoned system integrator.
  • Use the Request for Information process to develop a competitive list of seasoned information technology service and resource providers to choose from.
  • When working with GIS, CADD and Imaging between sites, communications network band width is essential. Try to centralize your business operations to reduce the cost of this high band width.
  • Co-locate project development teams with the users at the users site in one secure office area.
  • Emphasize project management using a structured development methodology with milestone schedules and frequent deliverables.
  • Create small successes that show the power of the technology concepts.
  • Know support labor ratios and resource availability early on in the project. Work with firm-fixed priced contracts where possible.
  • Roll out the micro computing environment ahead of the computer application implementation to get users familiar with the equipment. Remove all computer games before installing the computers.
  • Partner with other agencies within your region, if possible, to reduce overhead and development costs by amortizing over a greater number of users.
  • Use the Steering Committee to gain management consensus and buy-in.
  • Develop your requirements carefully and limit scope-of-work changes once into development.
  • Acquire (at no cost), if you can, then consider purchasing, then consider building. Let the cost benefits guide your choice.
  • Implement business process changes prior to implementation of automation.
  • Involve the user at all levels in the process, it is their information.
Tides: Strategic Management Planning
As the first step towards creating an enterprise-wide decision support system, a long range plan was established. A high level description of the water organization processes and the need for information was developed to isolate problems and deficiencies in the pre-TIDES information system. The results of this planning were to highlight the need for an Enterprise Wide Decision Support System to support the planning, design, operational and management needs of the various programs and sections within the Water Department, including the spatial needs of the Water Facilities Network.

Tides: Overview
TIDES is being developed using an emphasis on mission critical data accessed from workstations at the user work site using Remote Data Access techniques. TIDES combines the legacy mainframe systems, desktop modeling tools, spatial mapping tools, clientiserver applications, document management applications, the associated network and databases into one integrated information system. Additionally, TIDES is designed to incorporate American Water Works Association (AWWA) standards for computer databases, communications and systems development where possible.

Tides: Mission Statement
At the beginning of the strategic planning process, it was determined that the mission of TIDES was to provide the Right Information at the Right Time in the most efficient manner for the benefit of the users within the Water Department and the City of San Diego. Providing timely information has been the driving force as TIDES has been developed.

Tides: Objectives
Also, in the strategic planning process set of simplified objectives to support were developed to support the mission of providing timely information. As the various components of TIDES have been developed the need to focus on cost/ benefits became evident. The objectives have been revised to include and address the need to link investment in technology to improved business performance.
  • to provide automation that is capable of supporting and enhancing the operating performance and customer service mission of the sponsoring Water Department program or section.
  • to create cost-effective Enterprise Wide integration planning for networks, databases, computer applications to facilitate better information building methods.
  • to implement proven cost-effective data management techniques to increase the accuracy and timeliness of data contained within the TIDES databases.
  • to use automation to support an increase in worker knowledge, skills and abilities for understanding and completing job assignments in a manner that adds value to the business.
Tides: Water Department Computer System Applications
The strategic planning process identified department computer system applications that support the data management for the business operating processes. In TIDES, these computer applications are divided into the four following data management categories:

Simulation Systems, which provide the information required to confirm design and operational scenarios, such as emergencies, low pressure system response, unexpected drought strains, and main breaks. The sub-system includes the following applications:

The Water Model and Sewer Capacity Model
The Water Quality Model
The Distribution and Collection Optimization Models
The Energy Management and Disaster Recovery Models
The CIP Cash Flow Model

Operations Systems, which process transactions immediate to the daily operations of the business and provide the data required to support the Production and Distribution Systems operation and maintenance and infrastructure repair. This sub-system includes the following applications:

The Water Quality Laboratory Information Management system
The Treatment Plant Morning Reports
The Telemetry / SCADA System
The Tool Room Inventory Management System (TRIM)
The Sewer and Water Infrastructure Management System (SWIM)
The Automated Mapping (SPLASH) System
The Aerials / Photogrammerty System
The Treatment Plant Processing Control System

External Systems, which are owned by other departments in the City Enterprise and provide information to the Water Department sections for use by the Business Operations and Simulation Systems. The sub-system includes the following City-wide applications:

The Building Permit Inspection System (BPIS)
The Regional and Urban Information System (RUIS)
The Financial Management Budget System (FMBS)
The Accounting Management Information System (AMRIS)
The Fixed Assets Management Information System (Inventory-FAMIS)
The Payroll and Personnel (CAPPS) System

Support Systems, which provide engineering and administrative information to the business operations and simulations systems which provide data required to fulfill design, construction, financial services, human services, customer service. This sub-system includes the following applications:

The Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD) System
The Water Conservation Management (MARSI) System
The Project Management (WINGS) System
The Design Specification System
The Cost Estimating System
The CIP Financial Tracking (CIPRES) System
The Installation Order System
The Customer Information System
The Meter Reading / Routing System
The Automated Time & Attendance (ATA) System

The eight technology components of Tides
TIDES is composed of eight technology components that combine to create workstations, databases and computer applications that are accessed by the users to update and retrieve information. These eight components are summarized briefly below.

Enterprise Wide Management System Practice
To accomplish integrating the various computer applications an “Enterprise Wide” view has been used to develop and implement TIDES over a five year period. Consideration was given to the overall City Enterprise and how each City wide computer application is incorporated for use by TIDES. This enterprise-wide concept addresses the business operations of the programs and sections required to acquire, treat, store, and distribute, water to the customer, including CIP engineering and associated service operations as they participate as an operating department of the municipal enterprise.

Enterprise Wide Integration Practice
TIDES views the separate computer applications within the water department programs and sections as one integrated system. To accomplish this, three integration architecture plans were set in place during 1994 and 1995:
  • An integration architecture plan for data and databases was established in 1994 and implemented in 1995 and 1996 using data and process modeling and relational database technology.
  • An integration architecture plan for microcomputers, wide and local area networks was established in 1995 and implemented in 1995 and 1996.
  • An integration architecture plan for computer applications was established in 1995 and is in an on-going evolution as new applications are identified for upgrading within TIDES.
Hardwate and Software Infrastructure
TIDES hardware/software infrastructure entails acquiring desktop and laptop computers to the City of San Diego standard specifications. Data and file servers are tailored to specific need with in a standard specification range. CADD and GIS workstations are acquired to a tight standards. A common Windows Graphic User Interface (GUI) is required for all software on all desktop, laptop and workstations.

Network Communication Practice
An integration architecture plan for microcomputers, wide and local area networks was established in 1995 and implemented in 1995 and 1996. TIDES is using enterprise data servers, distributed file servers, Fiber Distributed Data Interface and co-Axel cabling to connect the five hundred (500) office and field desktop/ laptop microcomputers, the seventy five (75) CADD and GIS workstations and the one hundred thirty six (136) pen based microcomputers. Network hubs, routers, data services units and other communications devices have been implemented to support Ethernet switching technology. Switched Multi megabit Data Service is used to move text, GIS and CADD data across the Wide Area Network.

Data Base Management Practice
One central component of TIDES is the “data management policy”. This practice represents how all of the Water Department data will be processed, stored and accessed . TIDES has been structured around a common integrated database practice. Data is developed in a logically consistent manner using sound principles of data management that 1) minimize the occurrence of redundant data, 2) streamline updating, and 3) create user-oriented data definitions. Data tables are created incrementally in a phased approach using process and data models to get data that is related to user requirements. Additionally, the TIDES phased approach allows the data structures of each table to be related to each other.

Data Managers and a Systems Integrator combine to manage quality into enterprise data. This two-tier approach is being used to strengthen the quality and reliability of the Department data. Data Managers are responsible for the ownership, definition, integrity, use and security of all data associated to a specific application module or group of modules. The CADD and GIS Data Managers are working examples of this practice.

A Systems Integrator from the MIS Section is assisting the Data Mangers with the integration of applications into TIDES. The Systems Integrator is working with Executive Sponsors, Data Managers, and Database Administrators from SDDPC to apply Water Department MIS operating practices and standards to applications and database design.

As the first step towards accomplishing this integration, City Water and SDDPC conducted a four month process and data modeling of water and sewer facilities and created a logical data and process Facilities Information Management Model (FMIM) on paper. All business operations were included in creating this Data Architecture Plan.

FMIM was used to create the physical relational tables for facilities maintenance management system text data in a project called Sewer and Water Information Facility Tables (SWIFT). As new computer systems are developed SWIFT is expanded to included any new data entities and attributes. The result of this practice has been to eliminate capturing and storing the same data redundantly at many sites. The FMIM model was also used to create the spatial database physical structure in the GIS automated mapping system (SPLASH).

End User Data Access Practice
The anticipated benefits of the TIDES program are predicated on realtime access by users to accurate and reliable data from remote locations. Allowing the user access to Water Department data is accomplished through pre-determined queries for each application. In addition, a report writing tools have been added to help users develop their own custom or ad-hoc reports.

Spatial Intergratino Practice
TIDES has been designed to capture data for analysis of the water facilities network using both traditional text based methods and spatial tools for analysis using “Smart Maps”. Strategically, TIDES is intended to shill the department from paper maps to electronic or digital data. The Field Acquisition Data Device (FADD) project has used the FMIM data structure to integrate the SWIM Service Request with the digital SPLASH mapping data on the pen based microcomputers for use by crews in the field.

Computer Applicaiton Practive
The way that Water Department is using TIDES is through automated applications, such as TRIM, SPLASH and SWIM that automate business activities, such as tool tracking, mapping and maintenance management. Each application is designed to support the updating, display, graphing and reporting of data in a reliable manner. There are 29 major applications in TIDES. that have been grouped into four major data management categories as discussed above.

To ensure that the business operations are fully committed to the application, an Executive Sponsor is identified for each automated application with the role to provide stable functional requirements for the system, including approval of and implementation of necessary changes to existing business operating practices prior to or with implementation.

Tides: Accomplishments
On March 20, 1997, TIDES will have been enhanced with the following technology automation to support the business operations of the Water Department:
  • an Integrated Communications Network for moving text and spatial data across the wide area network (WAN) at speeds up to 34 megabits per second using Pacific Bell Switched Megabit Data Services (SMDS). The ICN includes twelve local area networks (LAN) connecting six hundred and fifty desktop, laptop and pen based client computers.
  • a Facilities Relational Database Management System housed on two enterprise wide RISC 6000 data servers connected to the ICN. One data server is designed to support text data from business applications and the other data server is designed to support spatial data from Geographic Information Systems. Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD) drawings and data are positioned on a Network File Manager (NFM) document management system. Digitalorthophotos are stored on an optical server.
  • newly developed computer applications in a client server processing environment integrated with Iegacy applications. Newer computer applications include:

    • Tool Room Inventory Management (TRIM) for tool and inventory control;
    • Sewer and Water Infrastructure Management (SWIM) for water and sewer facilities maintenance management;
    • Automated mapping (SPLASH) for automated mapping and spatial data management.
    • Morning Report for daily information on treatment and distribution operations.

  • a common user friendly report writer to access enterprise text data.
  • a common user friendly report writer to access enterprise spatial data. desktop, laptop and pen based computers to service office and field data collection and reporting.
Tides: Conclusion
Information for running a business is a strategic asset that must be developed, stored and retrieved using the most efficient, reliable and cost effective practices. This paper has briefly discussed one the technology practices used by the City of San Diego Water Department to accomplish a mission of providing “the right information at the right time in the most efficient manner for the benefit of the users within the Water Department and the City of San Diego.

The city of san diego water department
The Water Department (WD) is a financially self-supported department within the City of San Diego municipal government. The department provides treated water and water services to the City and portions of San Diego County including a lakes and recreation program.

The water system consists of approximately 2,600 miles of treated water pipes ranging in size from 2-inch to 54-inch. The water system is operated on a Secondary Yield Basis at the direction from the City Council. This operating policy requires the use of local water resources prior to the use of imported water. Due to the City’s location to the south and west of the San Andreas earthquake vault line, a seven-month local reserve (14 1,600 acre-feet [AF]) is maintained at all times in ten local reservoirs that have a maximum storage capacity of 415,936 AF.

Local water is collected from eight watersheds that provide rain and snow run-off to ten reservoirs. Imported raw and finished water is received at nine sites within the water distribution system, via the First and Second San Diego Aqueducts, from the San Diego County Water Authority (CWA). Finished treated water is imported from the Lake Skinner filtration plant to the North of San Diego County. The water distribution system operates using gravity flow over 87 pressure zones at a pressure between 40-90 PSI, with booster assistance from 45 water pump stations. Regulating reservoirs are located at three local water treatment plants at Miramar, Alvarado and Otay, and finished water storage facilities are located at41 sites throughout the distribution network. Three filtration treatment plant services areas provide approximately 7.3 billion gallons of water a year to 246,640 customer accounts ( 1.2 million San Diegans) .

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