Conceptual Model for Disaster Management in India using GIS

Dr Sukanta Kumar Jena
Project Manager
Geospatial Technology Solution, Infotech Enterprises Limited,
India
Email: Priyadarshiniv@infotechsw.com



The ability of a disaster victim to prepare for, respond to, and recover from a disaster depends on a variety of factors like the severity and longevity of the event, the efficiency of the warning systems, the victim’s health status, and his or her access to resources and information. An ideal Disaster Management System can support the activities related to preparedness, prediction, damage assessment and rehabilitation. Several critical inputs like building, lifeline system, road and hospital location etc. are required in order to take preventive measures through vulnerability analysis, hazard zonation, prior risk assessment, timely and reliable weather forecasts, and advance warnings to minimize loss of life and damage and facilitate timely and effective rescue, relief and rehabilitation of the affected population. Many organizations, which involve in disaster management, require to access to the right data in the right time to make the right decisions.
Majority of the data required for the disaster management are spatial and hence a geographic information system (GIS) can provide that sort of information. A GIS based single-window web based information service provider prototype for Disaster Management Support System has been conceived based on appropriate GIS data, high-resolution remote sensing image, multi-agency data source.
The important components of this proposed application will include turn-around-time for data analysis and output generation, user required information and formats, dissemination to users and networking, support facilities such as digital database, hazard zonation, modeling, query-shell etc.

This proposed GIS based disaster management system will use data from various sources like INSAT and IRS, INSAT based cyclone warning system, wide area frequent repeat sensors, high resolution satellite data with turn around time of few hours, available GIS data with various Govt. departments, recovery, assessment, readiness, response data from various disaster sites during the disaster management through satellite communication from the remote site

This application will have different role during different stages of the disaster, like planning, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. This will be a great success in the disaster management in India when police, fire, public health, civil defense and other organizations will implement this application in a coordinated manner at both intra and inter-organization at several hierarchy levels.