Information System For Baraunda Village Using Remote Sensing And GIS Techniques Debarati Roy Trainee Human Settlement Analysis Division Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (NRSA) Dehradun. debarati_roy@hotmail.com  Rahul Kr. Singh Trainee Human Settlement Analysis Division Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (NRSA) Dehradun. rahulsingh112@yahoo.co.in  Sadhana Jain Scientist Human Settlement Analysis Division Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (NRSA) Dehradun. jain_sadhana@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The effective information system is necessary to make available all kinds of data related to the village, easily and concisely for planning at regional level. It helps in regular updation of database over the years to ensure better availability of village information. The main objective of the study is to develop a village information system providing complete information for decision-making based on their existing resources and capabilities. Hence, an attempt has been made to assess the standard of each infrastructure facility in Baraunda village of Ladwa block in Kurukshetra district. For this purpose, type of housing, roads, water supply and sanitation, electricity, telephone, transportation facilities have been identified as the major fields of the basic infrastructure. Detailed information about the infrastructure in the village – Baraunda has been used for the development of the information system in .html environment. High-resolution satellite data from IKONOS satellite has been used for the preparation of large scale base map (1:2000) supported with extensive field survey. INTRODUCTION Planning is widely accepted as a way to handle complex problems of resource allocation at regional level. In order to provide a more effective and meaningful direction for better planning and development, necessary support of the information has become essential. Hence the need for a suitable information system is increasingly being felt in all planning and developmental activities in rural areas. Planners and decision-makers at micro level have to depend upon spatial and non-spatial data for optimization of the location of basic infrastructure. Hence, the planners need to have at their disposal sophisticated data management systems to handle spatially correlated data. Village Information System means the management of village related information’s in a technological environment, which will help the rural planners for the planning and implementation of plans in rural areas. It basically reduces the time and cost involved with the creation of data base for the planning. It comprises of all the information related to the facilities, infrastructure, population, building type, etc. These information’s are needed to analyze the existing scenario at the development stage in the village. The emergence of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System as a powerful tool for spatial analysis and storage has in effect alleviated the problem by computerization of the spatial data. Thus, the main objective of the study is to develop a village information system providing complete information for decision-making based on their existing resources and capabilities. Information system has been developed in order to generate maps, which would provide relevant information for developmental activities and also act as source information authentication about the village. STUDY AREA The village used as the study area i.e. Baraunda, is situated in Ladwa Block of Kurukshetra district in Haryana (Fig 1). Kurukshetra district lies between latitude 29o-52' to 30o- 12' and longitude 76o-26' to 77o-04' in the North Eastern part of Haryana State. The district headquarter is located at Kurukshetra town and is about 160 Kilometers North of Delhi, 39 Kilometers North of Karnal and 40 Kilometers South of Ambala. It is at a distance of about 6 kilometer from Pipli an important road junction on the National Highway No.1 popularly called the Grand Trunk Road. The undertaken village lies between 77º to 77º5´ E longitude. The village is located south of the industrial town Ladwa and is 3 km. away. The general geology of the area constitutes a part of Indo-Gangetic system of quaternary age. The larger part of the block is covered by recent to sub recent deposits of wind blown sand. The economy of the district is primarily agrarian; an overwhelming work force is engaged as cultivators and agriculture laborers. The district enjoys an ideal location benefits being situated adjacent to national highway number 1. It is coming up as an industrial belt and has started throbbing with the wide spectrum of developmental activities and unfolds immense potential of industrial opportunities.  Fig 1: Location of study area DATA & SOFTWARE USED The following datasets have been used to prepare the village information system,
METHODOLOGY The methodology adopted in this study is comprises of three different steps as shown in (FIG 2).  Fig: 2 Flowchart of proposed methodology. First, IKONOS PAN and MS images were merged after creating the subset of the study area. Then visual interpretation has been carried out followed by the field survey of the Baraunda village. In the field, household survey was carried out with the help of a questionnaire to collect information related to housing condition, occupation and infrastructure. Post field updating of the base map was done to generate the base map at the scale of 1:2000 in GIS environment. All parameters were taken into consideration and maps were made. Then a web enabled information system was created with the help of GeoHTML. ANALYSIS Detailed field survey of the village after pre field interpretation showed about 81% accuracy. Total 211 buildings could be identified during interpretation while total 262 buildings were found in field. This is mostly due to continuous nature of the built-up area with small size structures. Land use Most part of the village land is cultivated and it comprises almost 93% of the total area. The rest 7% is the built-up area that includes open space, 31%; residential buildings covering nearly 20%; public utilities, 28%; and other uses mainly comprised of public facility buildings, cattle sheds (khatal), water bodies, etc. comprising about 6% each (FIG 3a). The road network mainly comprised of the main road leading to villages being metalled and the rest of the roads were either unmetalled or pack tracks.  Fig 3: Different Parameter of the village information system Most of the open spaces are either vacant or used for keeping hay or stacking dung. Public utilities mainly comprises of the roads, the water supply facilities present in the village, etc. Public facilities mainly comprise of Panchayat buildings, “chaupal”, schools, “baithak”, temple, gurudwara, godowns to store grain, and local medical facilities are provided at the “aanganwari” (Table 1). Water bodies were mainly ponds and some had vegetation cover. Commercial facilities were very less in the village. Shops were found in the village and they mostly sold household goods. Few other facilities present in the village are flourmill and barber shop. The main crops grown in the village were mainly rice, wheat, and sugarcane. Other crops grown were urad dal, torai, fodder, corn, mustard, masoor dal, etc.  The house type map of Baraunda (FIG 3b) shows the various well built houses, medium built houses and the ordinary houses. The ordinary and kaccha houses are mostly centralized whereas the well built houses are more towards the periphery and have been constructed later on. The total number of well built houses is 80 out of 166, ordinary houses are 74 and kaccha houses are 45 (Table 2). This shows that the villagers are mostly well off and the economic status of the village is high. The well built houses have pacca building material and RCC roof material, the ordinary houses have pacca building material and kaccha roof material, whereas, the kaccha houses have both kaccha materials in its construction. This map has been generated by giving code numbers to the specific material type viz. pacca and RCC has the code 1, kaccha has code 2 and the polygons where this aspect is not applicable has the attribute 3. Accordingly the house type column has been generated to create the given map.  The total population of the village is 1176 in Baraunda. In Baraunda most of the population (FIG 3c) is concentrated in the central part of the village, which is clearly being seen in the population distribution map of the village. The household size in Baraunda ranges between 2 to 35 persons and the average household size is 7 persons. Occupation The occupational structure of the village is quite different. In Baraunda, most of the households are engaged in agricultural pursuit (FIG 3d). Out of the total 166 households 93 household are engaged in farming which is about 55% of the total household. The number of household engaged in laboring is 63, which is almost 37% of the total household. In the village, agriculture and laboring are the two main livelihoods of the villagers (Table 3). The other occupations in the village include dairy, business, service etc. that covers about 8% of households. In Baraunda most of the household have their own agricultural field and they do farming.   Fig 4: Infrastructural parameters of the village information system  Sanitation facility in the village is not good. In the village more than 50% household doesn’t have sanitation facility inside the house and they have to go outside (usually in the field) for sanitary purposes. In Baraunda, 86 houses out of the total 166 houses (Table 5) don’t have sanitation facility in their house, which is 52% of the total household, as shown in (FIG 4c). Sanitation facility is directly related with the water facility. Due to poor condition of water facility in Baraunda, the condition of sanitation facility is also bad. In the village there are also some houses in which there are sealed toilet but in spite of that they have to go outside for sanitary purposes just because they don’t have proper water facility. So in order to improve the sanitation facility in the village it is necessary to first improve the water supply facility within the village.  The telephone facility is also limited to certain households in the village as shown in (FIG 4d). In Baraunda, only 60 houses out of the total 166 houses have telephone facility (Table 6). So, the percentage of houses, which doesn’t have telephone facility in their house, is 64%. The reason for higher percentage of houses lacking telephone facility in Baraunda is the higher percentage of laborer class in the village that can’t afford this facility. A web enabled information system has been created for this village. This would be readily available in the internet and all sorts of information related to this village can be availed easily. The first web page shows the area enclosing Ladwa, industrial town, the road network, Baraunda village and a neighboring village, Baraichpur (FIG 5a). A single click on the village area will show the zoomed in web page of Baraunda village (FIG 5b). Then a click on the village area will show the zoomed in page of houses with specific numbers (FIG 5c). This web page shows the house number and each house has its attribute table which can be seen when the house number is clicked (FIG 5d).  Fig 5: Various web page of the village information system This web enabled information system of the village will help rural planners in a great way as whatever information they might want shall be easily available at the click of a mouse. A photo gallery of Kurukshetra and the village is also made available for viewing. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION High-resolution data of IKONOS shows tremendous potential to prepare the base map at the scale of 1:2000 of the village. Ikonos merged image with improved spatial and spectral resolution enable to study all the buildings and even the small roads, including the pack-tracks. These areas include the water supply to all the households, sanitary facilities and street lightning facilities. In Baraunda almost half of the houses do not have private water supply and the sanitary facilities are almost non-existent. Public sanitation facilities like “sulabh souchalaya” need to be constructed and well distributed within the village. It becomes difficult for the women folk to go to the fields for sanitary reasons and it is unhygienic too. Though the roads are well maintained yet the roads within the villages are still unmetalled and needs proper attention. Thus proper transportation facilities should be made and initiation from the government should be taken. Communication facilities within the village are adequate and with the advent of newer technologies, mobile phones were also found in many houses. Electricity is also present in almost all the houses. As far as employment facilities are concerned, some of the villagers in Baraunda are laborers working on others agricultural fields. They are mostly seasonal and thus do not have work for many months in a year. Thus more employment opportunities should be made. Small industries can be put up and rural youth employment facilities also should be made. Many more parameters need to be taken into consideration while creating a village information system but due to constraint of time it was not possible. Political aspects, financial aspects and demographic aspects all work together into building a well-developed village. The information system at village level would be helpful to plan out development policies for the villages. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Authors express their deep sense of gratitude to Dr. V. K. Dadhwal, Dean, and Shri B. S. Sokhi, Head, HUSAD, IIRS for providing all support and encouragement during the study. REFERENCES
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