The Sensitive Environments Modeling and Their Important MethodMohammad Mir Mohammad Sadeghi Chief expert of modern information techniques and work in GIS&RS Laboratory College of Natural Resources Isfahan University of Technology Mr-sadeghi@chavoosh.com Saeid Pormafy 2- GIS&RS Laboratory College of Natural Resources Isfahan University of Technology sporurmanafi@Gmail.com Abstract: To get exact knowledge about natural resources fields and the sensitive environments and also their modeling for planning and managing , it will be necessary to number and process their local and descriptive information using modern information techniques including Geographical Information System(GIS) , Global Positioning System(GPS) determining system and Remote System(RS) . Local and descriptive information about kolah Ghazi located in 25 kms from South of Isfahan , which has been located in Isfahan city based on country divisions and has an area of 50573 hectares , was chooser for this purpose . Subjective information about this area including plant covering layers (natural resources map ) contained 22 classes having half – accumulated gross lands with 25-50 percent vegetation classes , less accumulated grosslands with 25-50 percent vegetation , installations , lands without any vegetation including lands with covering accumulation of less than 5 percent , plantation and agricultural lands and , topographical layer , hypsometric layer , typing layer including 32 types and 45 spices of plants and land ability layers which were prepared and collected using maps , satellite images and desert studies were finally numbered an processed by geographical information software system . The information structure of the said layers were transferred from vector to Raster and then was prepared using Model Builder software of concerning models including preparing soil erosion risk map model . It should be noted that the prepared models have the ability to be improved and used in other areas. Introduction: Scientific protection of natural fields and the environments needs to have an exact knowledge about woods and grossland fields. According to the field's expansion, environments, variety, geographical and topographical situation of areas, desert inspecting and traditional methods need a lot of time and expanse which is not reasonable now. So it is essential to use modern information systems including geographical information system (GIS), remote system (RS), geographical pointing system (GPS) and other information techniques to know the fields completely and in this way the scientific knowledge of experts and natural resources and the environment researchers will be promoted which it causes to increase the quality of performed activities so that the repetation will be prevented. In this way it has been tried to mechanize, organize, process and model the information studied region of called kolah ghazi using the present fasillities including subjective maps , analog and digital satellite pictures , topographical maps 1:25000 and 1:50000 by modern information techniques , to get an exact and comprehensive knowledge about the region in order to any proceeding . The studying area The studying area is located 25 kms far from South of Isfahan city and according to the country divisions it is a part of Isfahan city in Isfahan Province which is restricted to North: Baharestan city, Rahim Abad and Gharne: South: dirt road of Mahbar to Mohammad Abad: West: Ausfalt road of Isfahan to Shahreza: and East: Mohammad Abad , Nasr Abad and Rahmat Abad villages surrounded in 51°45´ - 52º longitude and 32º15´ - 32º30´ latitude . The total area is 50573 hectares which its location has been determined in map No.1.  Total area of Isfahan province is 10.7 million hectare and area of Isfahan city is 16110 square meters and it has a population of 1610015 people. The region's average annual raining is 130 mm. The region's average annual evaporation is 1750 mm. Maximum annual heat degree is 43ºc. Average annual heat degree is 13°c. Minimum annual heat degree is -20ºc. According to the Gusen Method the region's climate is a kind of warm and dry Mediterranean climate. And according to the Copen Method it is a kind of very hot and dry climate with dry summers or BWHS. The Method of Research To got the exact knowledge about the region, first the topographical level lines and limits of the region were numbered in PC Arc/Info software using 1:50000 maps of mapping organization and after removing the local faults and completing the concerning descriptive data , the informative layer was transferred to Arc View software (map N0.2) and then using this software the topographical informative layer changed to Grid and finally after the necessary processing the hypsometric map was prepared in ten classes using the Natural Breaks statistical method. The lowest part of the region is 1540 meters which is an area of 541 hectare. The highest part of the region is 2400 meters which is an area of 202 hectare and the most area has 1700 meters height which is 12402 hectare. The relevant informative table and chart is prepared and shown next to the map.  Triangulated Irregular Net work is prepared and presented in map No.4 using prepared informative layers. By this map it is easy to observe it through different directions. Slope, direction and highlight maps are prepared using this map. In other words triangulated irregular network (TIN) shows the earth shape.  Next, the plant covering map of the area was prepared in two ways of 1- desert study , 2- Land Sat satellite pictures as follows: 1- Desert Study By desert studying and investigating the situation of vegetation types of the region were determined as follows: ACON, ACON-ARTM, ACON-SCAY, ALHA, AMYG, ANAB, ANAB-ACON, ANAB-ARIS, ANAB-COMP1, ARTM, ARTM-ACON, ARTM-ANAB, EPHE, ARIS, ARTM-CHENO, ARTMCOPM1, ARTM-EPHE, ARTM-PEGA, ARTM-SCAY, ARTM-STIP, COMP1, ARTM-LUNE, CONV-BONI, CONV-COMP1, EBEN, COMP1, COMP1-PEGA, COMP2, EBNE-AMYG, EPHE, FICU, LUNE, MELI, PEGA, PEGA-SCAY, PTER, PTER-ARTM, SCAR, SCAR-ACON, SCAR-ARTM, SCRO, STIP, ZATA This includes 32 types and 45 spices which its general information has been defined in relevant reports.  2- Plant Covering Study Through Satellite Pictures Satellites called Land Sat has been launched to space and located in earth orbit during different times since 1351 (1972). They make it possible to estimate and manage natural resources and environments continuously and on time by picturing with the multi-spectrum measuring. Land Sat 5 is a satellite which is equipped with an advanced measuring called TM (Tematic Mapper) which is located in 700 km height and it is picturing in 185×185 kms dimensions. It is possible to picture each point of natural resources and the environment every 16 days. Land Sat 5 pictures by TM measuring related to 1998 about the region were numbered and it is picture was prepared in different bands including 432 and 742, then these pictures were interpreted by eye and they were classified and processed in 21 classes to determine the natural resources situation of the area . Mannual GPS was used to determine the exact location of each event in nature and comparing it with the pictures. After investigating and determining the event and its desert controlling, the pictures limits were performed on calk paper and were numbered by information digitizer in Arc View and Arc/Info PC software and then after removing the local and descriptive faults map No.6 and figure No.1  were prepared. As it is considered satellite pictures are able to provide exact information about natural resources and the environment for users and as satellite information is quickly available so we should try to use these data more than before. Based on the data and table No.1 which shows different categorized classes , the studied area has R2 classes or half-accumulated gross lands with 25-50 percent vegetation covering , R3 classes or less accumulated gross lands with 5-25 vegetation covering , URB or installations , BL or bear lands which includes less than 5 percent vegetation covering ,. IF or agricultural fields, PF or tree lands. R2 class gross lands have an area of 20703 hectare. R3 class gross lands have an area of 21468 hectare. The total area of gross lands is 42171 hectare or 83-3 percent. It should be noted that if we put other map information including ways, charges and etc on each of the said subjective maps, the prepared subjective map will be printed    In reference to the importance of the area's soil in vegetation revival and using this informative layer in modeling and providing other informative layers including soil erosion , pedology information and relevant studies from water and soil researches were prepared and then the relevant maps were numbered and necessary processings were done on them. Next, different information items including soil, soil depth and ect were joined to these layers and finally map No.7 was provided in geographical information system.  As it is said above, several informative layers including topography, slope three dimensional direction, high category, soil, vegetation and ect have been provided about this area. Now based on the necessities we can use the said informative layers to protect the fields and in scientific management. To describe it a modeling type is presented using produced information in Spatia, Arc View, Analyst, Model Builder software to provide the soil erosion map. Modeling in order to providing soil erosion risk map Subjective information of the area was provided including soil maps, vegetation, slope, geographical directions, topography and ect. Now for modeling and using the said data, the soil erosion map model is provided and presented as follows: As it is clear through satellite map and topography of the area, the concerning area includes a watershed which because of its topography and soil condition, water erosion is noticeable in that area. To perform this model several processes are done. First we should change soil information layer and vegetation from vector to gride like slope map. For this reason process No.1 and 2 have been designed. Process No.1: Changing vegetation map from vector to gride In this process some features including area, cell sizes (30 meters), color limits and etc are determined using the window below.  Process No.2: Providing slope map was done after features determined Now the soil, slope and vegetation maps are mixed by weight overlay (picture 2) and using the present facilities in software the suitable weight was given to each informative layer and relevant item, and finally model No.1 was prepared using the said processes.   Now any time model No.1 is performed, erosion map is provided by the said method. It should be explained that any changes needed ear be done in properties choice with the present methods are the model will be performed again. Also this model is performable for any other areas provided that the layer's name is the same. Totaling and Conclusion: To gain an exact knowledge about natural resources fields and the sensitive environments and also their modeling for planning and management, it is necessary to number and process the descriptive and local information using modern information techniques. For this reason the subjective information about kolah Ghazi area including vegetation layers, soil, physiography and etc with an area of 50573 hectare was mechanized and modeled using maps, satellite pictures and desert studies. The provided model is improvable and it can be used in other areas too, so it is suggested that descriptive and local information about natural resources and the environments should be mechanized so that they will always be available for modeling. References:
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