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Bam Earthquake Prediction & Space Technology
heats the water and eventually generates vapor at high temperature and pressure. The
vapor erupts from an impending hypocenter to the surface by the crevices, and rises up.
It forms a cloud while encountering cold air. This kind of cloud, whose vapor is from an
impending hypocenter, is denoted an earthquake cloud. Anecdotal evidence for high
temperature and high pressure vapor is plentiful (2-16), as is evidence for the clouds
themselves. Fig. 2 shows damage to the ceiling of a structurally intact building due to the
eruption of steam from underneath it during the 7.8 Tangshan Earthquake on Jul. 28,
1976 (17).
Table 1. All big earthquakes in Southern California & their foreshocks (1981~2004)
Note:
- All above data are from the new catalog of the Southern California Earthquake
Data Center of the USGS since 1981(@11), covering a region of 32~37N. Column 8~9
and 10~11 indicate the number of foreshocks within 5 km and 10 km of an epicenter
.
- Lat. Latitude. Lon. Longitude. Mag. Magnitude. Dep. Depth.
- ‘Over’ depicts the number of foreshocks, whose depths are more than or equal to a
big earthquake. For example, earthquake No. 1 has 138 foreshocks within a distance
of 10 km to the epicenter, in which 10 foreshocks are deeper than or equal to 10.81 km
of the M6.2 hypocenter.
- All large earthquakes have foreshocks around their hypocenters.
Figure 2 Tangshan earthquake damage.
This photo shows damage in the roof of a building caused by steam erupting from the
ground during the 1976 Tangshan earthquake (17). Photo ÓChina Academic
Publishers.
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