Abstract:
There are several policies, organizations, human resources, technical and financial arrangements to process, store, distribute, and improve utilization and access of geospatial data in Indonesia. Both national and local governments, based on their requirements are creating their spatial data infrastructures. This paper summarizes the overall concepts and progress of local and national spatial data infrastructures in Indonesia - in view of water resources infrastructures management – a Wonogiri Multipurpose Dam in particular. It highlights the problems that have been faced and the lessons learned.

Introduction
The Wonogiri Multipurpose Dam (Wonogiri Dam) is the sole large dam on the mainstream of the Bengawan Solo River - the longest river in Java Island, was built aiming at flood control, irrigation water supply and hydropower generation. Severe Wonogiri Dam watershed erosion and subsequent sedimentation into its reservoir substantially will reduce its life span, unless there is a sound erosion and sedimentation countermeasures. The study on countermeasures for sedimentation in the Wonogiri Dam reservoir conducted by the cooperation of Directorate General of Water Resources, Ministry of Public Works, The Republic of Indonesia (DWRG) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) commenced in August 2004 to formulate a master plan for sustainable countermeasures for sedimentation problems in the dam. The study shows - like anywhere else in Indonesia, there is no single ministry, agency or coordination body has an overall responsibility for the watershed management of the Wonogiri Dam watershed. Various maps - either in digital or conventional form was collected from various sources during the course of the study. This paper summarizes present and future integrated local and national spatial data infrastructures in the perspective of watershed management - an Indonesian case.

GIT Status in Wonogiri Dam Stakeholders
Digital mapping had been accepted and applied in Indonesia since 1980's. Typically based map of these digital maps is a 'peta rupabumi" (topographical map) made by Bakosurtanal - a National Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping. As the information, computer, and communication technology come to advance, GIS were widely adopted and applied at all levels government and private organizations. By the end of 1990's, 'The availability of and access to spatial data in Indonesia has been a complicated problem: duplication, inconsistency, poor management, and illegal uses of spatial data" (Matindas, 2004), and Indonesian Spatial Data Infrastructure (ISDI) was declared in the Survey and Mapping National Coordination Meeting in 2000 to cope and solve with these problems. The vision of Bakosurtanal is then: "To provide reliable spatial data infrastructures as a base of existing natural resources and environmental information for development". ISDI development and implementation is still in infant stages compared to other National SDI in developed countries, a further ISDI matters were documented and published in http://www.bakosurtanal.co.id and http://www.idsn.or.id.

In the watershed management roles perspective, the main stakeholders of Wonogiri Dam watershed are divided into four categories (DWRG - JICA, 2005):

1. Forest and Upper Watershed Manager:
Department of Forestry, Jakarta; Department of Agriculture, Jakarta; Regency Government of Wonogiri, Department of Environment; Forestry and Mining Regency Government of Wonogiri; Watershed Management Office (BPDAS) Bengawan Solo, Department of Forestry, Surakarta; and State Forest Company (PT Perum Perhutani) Surakarta.

2. Watershed Guardians:
Board for Research and Technology Development of Watershed Management (BP2PTPDAS) Western Region of Indonesia in Surakarta; Department of Forestry, Sub-Regency Governments, Regency Government of Wonogiri; Upland farmers and communities; Local NGOs; and International Organizations/Donor Agencies.

3. Water Developer, abstractor, and distributor
Bengawan Solo Project (PBS), DWRG Department of Public Works, Surakarta; Water Services Public Corporation I Bengawan Solo (PJT-1), Department of Public Works, Surakarta; and Water Resources Management Unit Upper Bengawan Solo (Balai PSDA) in Surakarta.

4. Water Users
Farmer Water Users Association (P3A); State Electricity Company (PLN); Regional Drinking Water Supply Company (PDAM); and Private Company.

These stakeholder categories are then analyzed in term of their interest related to the sedimentation countermeasures, effect of countermeasures on interest, importance of stakeholders for success of the countermeasures, and degree of influence of stakeholders over the countermeasures.

Similar analysis in term of geographical information technology (GIT) capacity and SDI Status are analyzed based on the availability of GIT operation, SDI agenda and or initiative. An importance of stakeholders for success on SDI Development are analyzed based on the combination of the positive effect of countermeasures on interest, an importance of stakeholders for success of the countermeasures, and degree of influence of stakeholders over the countermeasures. Result of this combined analysis showed in table in Attachment 1.

Lessons Learned
Analysis result of GIT Status in Wonogiri Dam Stakeholders indicates that SDI at local and national level are coexist and necessarily must be developed and integrated, resulting in better spatial information for: better decisions on watershed management, better dam operations and services, greater accountability of the organizations, and more trust to government and business.

Closed coordination, strong leadership, and compatible GI initiatives needed to conduct an effective SDI development and overcome such barriers: cultural, institutional, financial and legal barriers that prevent or delay to share and the use of existing data. Public institutions must properly be prepared for dealing with interoperability

Most of the spatial data sets are compatible since most of them based on Bakosurtanal map as their based map, but it tends lack of documentation.

Central issues in sustainable SDI development are trust among all stakeholders by fostering and maintaining relationships among stakeholders, and enhancing their participation.

Conclusion
One watershed, One Plan, One Integrated Management of Wonogiri Dam requires an integrated both local and national spatial data infrastructures. The development of SDI in Wonogiri Dam that compete to the countermeasures for erosion in the watershed and sedimentation in it reservoir requires an involvement of an organization with strong GIT infrastructure background and financial support.

Acknowledgments
Thanks due to Project Bengawan Solo and JICA Study Team in Surakarta. The content of this paper is an author opinion. The publication of this paper is possible due to the financial support of the Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Sebelas Maret University.

References

• Directorate General of Water Resources, Ministry of Public Works, The Republic of Indonesia and Japan International Cooperation Agency (2005) The Study on Countermeasures for Sedimentation in The Wonogiri Multipurpose Dam Reservoir in The Republic of Indonesia, Progress Report (1), January 2005.
• Matindas, R.W., Puntodewo, and Purnawan, B., Bakosurtanal (2004) Development of National Spatial Data Infrastructure in Indonesia, FIG Working Week 2004, Athens, Greece, May 22-27, 2004

Attachment 1: GIT Wonogiri Dam Stakeholder Analysis Based on Wonogiri Dam Stakeholder Analysis on Conservation of Wonogiri Dam Watershed
Note: Wonogiri Dam Stakeholder Analysis on Conservation of Wonogiri Dam Watershed,is adopted from DGRW - JICA, page 3-174, 2005