Development of WEB-GIS program for River Basin Management in Indonesia

General Feature of the Web-GIS Program
The Web-GIS Program consists of tree main menus as shown in the following figures:


Fig 2. Main Menu of Web-GIS Program


The first menu is PETA DAS deals with running land use management based geospatial simulation. In this menu the user can optimize land use management by using Fuzzy Expert Facility that is provided in the program. By employing Fuzzy Expert, the program can generate the optimal land use for minimizing sedimentation rate in the dam that is located in the downstream of the basin. The second main menu is Upload Data DAS, deals with uploading geospatial data for the newriver basin. The geospatial data must be in form of MySql and Scalable Vector Graphic format. The third menu is Download, deals with downloading related frogram using in the Web-GIS program. An example of Management Interface Menu is presented in Fig. 3.
Fig. 1. An example of Open Management Interface Menu



Fig. 3. An example of viewing spatial data in the Web-GIS program


Result and Discussion
The Web-GIS program was applied at the mamasa River Basin Basin , South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The drainage basin is situated 250 km form the city of Makassar. Application of the system is proposed to optimize land use management in term of minimizing sedimentation rate in the Garugu Dam.

In the first step, the Web-GIS program was applied in order to know erosion rate at the Mamasa River Basin as well as to reduce sedimentation rate flow into Garugu Dam. The simulation was conducted using the land use data obtained from secondary data and SPOT4. Using the program, the generated erosion rate from the land use 2006 was obtained as shown in Table 1.


Tabel 1. Erosion and sedimentation rate generated from land use 2006

The generated erosion rate as shown in Table 1, is used for formulating several scenario of the land use in the river basin. The scenario is objected to reduce sedimentation rate flow into the Garugu Dam. The lowest erosion rate of the proposed land use is generated by using scenario 4. Base on the scenario 4, sedimentation rate in the Garugu Dam can be reduce from 2,210,231 m3/year become 1,071,586 m3/year. However, considering the economic feasibility of the total area that should be treated, this scenario cannot be proposed totally for future improvement.


Table 2. Erosion and Sedimentation Rate Generated from Future Land Use (With Project, Scenario 4)


  From the output of the program, the following aspects should be take into consideration for the optimum riverbasin protection plan and program: 1)The Mamasa River Basin needs positive soil conservation measures in order to alleviate sediment production from fields on the slope, to maintain and improve agricultural production and resultantly to reduce the sediment inflow at the Garugu Dam; 2)The formulation of watershed protection plan shall be made taking into consideration regional socio-economical conditions and intention of farmers, etc. to realistically handle the soil erosion and sediment control from the watershed ;3) Both vegetative and civil engineering measures shall be applied for the critical areas of soil erosion and sediment production; 4) The implementation of the watershed protection project shall be realized with full support and understanding of farmers and shall be promoted with farmers’ participation. Based on these considerations, the following protection activities are envisaged: small gully plug, big gully plug, stream bank protection, and sloping grassing, terrace rehabilitation, community forest and nursery.

Furthermore, by applying the Web-GIS program, the land use development is used in order to evaluate land use declared by the local government. In the spatial plan (RTRW, 2006) of Mamasa Regency, the Mamasa River Basin is divided into several development zones.

Development of zone around Mamasa City can be proposed mainly for ecotourism and agrotourism (with fruit crops, vegetables and coffee plantation). In some areas of the drainage basin, zones are proposed for conservation forest, limited production forest, and agriculture (passion fruits, cashew nuts, coffee and vegetables). The sediment contribution of each scenario based on the spatial plan developed by the local government tend to be abandoned to reduce the sedimentation rate in the dam. Due to the economic orientation of the spatial plan developed by the local government, the sedimentation rate in the dam will increase. Conversely, the simulations based on scenario 4 in Table 2 were generated from a conservation point of view. It is therefore necessary to modify the existing spatial plan developed by the local government. A land capability approach may be suitable for the site specifics of the Mamasa River Basin. Sinukaban (1989) reported that inappropriate land use in the Mamasa River Basin causes tremendous sedimentation at the Garugu Dam. It can be prove that, by using the Web-GIS program, that is being run in internet performs a powerful instrument in developing variety of scenarios in order to reduce erosion and sedimentation in the Garugu Dam.

Conclusion
The Web-GIS program was developed as a tool in realizing open management for management of river basin in Indonesia. The system can be effectively involved in realizing integrated management for the watershed that is occupied by more than one regional authorities. The system can be used for decision support system base internet in term of decided: what land use type can be effectively used for minimizing erosion and sedimentation, which optional of soil conservation that can generated maximum income but however it has minimum effect of land degradation. In order to publish the system, a certain dissemination plan is required therefore the model can be recognized and applied by the related institutions. The Web-GIS program performs an effective instrument in reducing erosion and sedimentation rate in the Garugu Dam.

Acknowledgement. The Author wish to thank to the Ministry of Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia for supporting this research under the project of Riset Insentif in 2008.

Reference
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