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Curve Number Estimation for Watershed using Digital Image of IRS-1D LISS-III
V.K.Pandey, S.N.Panda Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur-721302 (WB), India. S.Sudhakar National Remote Sensing Agency, Department of Space, Govt. of India Hyderabad-500037 (AP), India.
Introduction
Watershed is all the land and water area, which contributes runoff to a common point. In India the need of accurate information on basin runoff and silt yield has felt during the past two decades along with the acceleration of the watershed management for conservation and development of soil and water resources. The hydrologic behaviors of watershed play an important role in water resources planning and management (Shin et al., 2002). Advances in computational power and the growing availability of spatial data have made it possible to accurately describe watershed characteristics for modeling of watershed hydrology. Recent studies (Sanware et al., 1988, Prasad et al., 1992, Sharda et al., 1993, Schumann et al., 2000, Saxena et al., 2000) reveled that Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System GIS techniques are of grate use in characterization and prioritization of watershed areas. Land use/land cover is the category in which RS has made its largest impact and comes closest to maximizing the capability of this technology. The degree of various categories of agricultural, forest and other land covers can be determined accurately through RS (Garbrecht, et al. 2001). The large amount of spatially detailed information derived from digital images, ground surveys, digital terrain models and handled within a GIS, offers new opportunities for watershed parameterization. One of the options for use of RS and GIS is to improve the estimation of watershed parameters like Curve Number for a drainage basin with widely used SCS model from its land use data and digitized soil map. In general land use/land cover accuracy is directly related to the spatial resolution of the sensors. Satellite data helps in deriving CNs for large drainage basins (Still and Shih, 1985; Kumar, 1997). The use of IRS-1D LISS-III digital image of 23.5 m resolution may further provides appreciable accuracy of classification. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to establish the SCS Curve Number from Indian remote sensing digital database for Banikdih watershed. Materials and methods The Banikdih watershed that is a part of catchment area of Gowai River lies in Bokaro district of Jharkhand and some part in Purulia district of West Bengal states in Eastern India. It is located between 86o 16' 0" & 86o 19’ 0” E longitude and 23o 24' 5'' & 23o 30’ 0” N latitude (Fig. 1). The Survey of India topographic maps No. 73-I/7, 73-I/6, and 73-I/3 covers the entire watershed. The average annual rainfall in the area is 1250 mm more than 80% of which is occurred during the monsoon months (June to September). The daily mean temperature ranges from a maximum of 44.0 oC to a minimum of 4.0 oC. The daily mean relative humidity varies from a minimum of 40% in the month of April to a maximum of 95% in the month of the July, during which the area receives its major amount of rainfall. Region falls within sub-tropical climate with alternate dry and wet periods.  Figure 1 Location and sub-watershed map Topographic maps (1:25000 scale) were collected from Survey of India (SOI) office, Kolkata. Soil resource data and related maps (1:25000 scale) were collected from All India Soil and Land Use Survey (AISLUS), Department of Agricultural and Cooperation, Govt. of India, Kolkata. Digital data of Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRS-1D LISS-III, Path-106 and Row-55, of 23.5m spatial resolutions pertaining to 23rd October, 2000 was obtained from National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Govt. of India, Hyderabad.
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