Banding and line drop errors detection in remotely sensed satellite data through transition count technique


Transition Count (TC) technique is one of the data compression techniques, which is being used for the purpose of the detection of the fault in digital data transmission [9]. Transition count technique can be easily implemented in hardware using a few logical components of delay elements and EX-OR gates. In the TC technique the signature is the number of the counts of the transitions of 0-to-1 and 1-to-0 in the binary data stream. Thus, TC associated with a binary data sequence D = [d1, d2,….,dn-1, dn] is

TC (D) =
(1) Where å denotes ordinary arithmetic summation and Å is modulo 2 addition. Since 0£TC (D)£n-1, the response-compression circuitry consists of a transition detector and counter with [log2 n] stages. Figure 4 illustrates this concept. Let

D0 = [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
D1 = [1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1]
D2 = [1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0]

Then, TC (D0) = TC (D1) = 0 and TC (D2) = 7 are respectively minimum and maximum levels of transition counts for the above given binary data stream of length 8.

Table 1 demonstrates the use of the Transition Count technique as when it is applied to a partial data frame. The selected data frame is of size 10x10 pixels where as the DN value of each pixel is represented in base 10 forms. The DN values of all the pixels of row numbers 3 and 10 of the frame (as highlighted) have minimum Transition Count for all the pixels of the row i.e. zero and thereby, declaring the line drop errors. The row number 7 has same DN values of the pixels i.e. (00011100) 2, giving the Transition Count of two for each of the pixel of the row and thus, indicates the banding error.


Figure 3: Major Components of Landsat 1-5 Multispectral Scanner


Conclusion:
The above study has found that the use of Transition Count technique can be utilized as a powerful tool for detecting line drop and banding errors in the satellite sensed data. Thus, the demonstrated technique can reduce the level of probability of errors in the data provided by the supplying agencies from its archives. Thereby, if the data is scanned using the above technique, the above-mentioned errors in the data are at once detected at the source level itself. Hence, the time, funds and efforts of the users community, which is spread over, to distant places can be saved.

References:
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  2. Curran, P. J., (1985), 'Principles of Remote Sensing,' (Longman Scientific and Technical), UK. p. 10.

  3. Janza, F. J., (1975), 'Interaction Mechanism: In Reeves,' R.G. (ed.) Manual of Remote Sensing. American Society of Photogrammetry falls Church, Virginia, and pp. 75-179.

  4. Suits, G. H., (1975), 'The nature of electromagnetic radiation: In Reeves,' R.G. (ed.) Manual of Remote Sensing. American Society of Phototgrammetry, Falls Church, Virginia, pp. 51 -73.

  5. Sensing (2nd Ed.). American Society of Suits, G. H., (1983), 'The nature of electromagnetic radiation: In Colwell,' R.N. (ed.) Manual of Remote Photogrammetry, Falls church, Virginia, pp. 37-60.

  6. Lillesand T.M. and Keifer R.W., (1979), 'Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation,' (Wiley), New York.

  7. Jensen, J. R., (1986), 'Introductory Digital Image Processing, A remote sensing perspective,' Prentice Hall, New Jersey. p. 29.

  8. NOAA, (1975), Data Users Notes. NOAA Customers Services, Mundt, Federal Building, Sioux Falls, S.D.

  9. Hayes, J.P., (1976), 'Transition Count Testing of Combinational Logic Circuits', IEEE Transactions Of Computers, vol. C-25, no. 6, pp. 613-6.


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