Simulation of Bathymetry Pattern from Polarised TOPSAR

Figure 3. Shows the current spectra density, which varied along the distance. The current intensities varied along the range direction. The maximum current speed is 1.3 m/s. This is because of the fact that Volterra series expansion considers as linear transform. This linear transform filtered the current flowing on the range direction. In addition this linear transform contains inverse filter which clear in equation 2 with power –1. This inverse model was highly sensible to current signatures and bottom topography change with the current follow. Figure 4. Shows the output bottom topography results from the current information. It is noticed that the bottom contours have a gentle slope along the coastal water of Kuala Terengganu. However, the sharp slope was noticed near to the mouth river of Kuala Terengganu. This could be due to strong output current from the mouth river. This result is similar to Maged (1994).


Figure 3. Simulation of current flow from TOPSAR data
Figure 4. Simulation of bathymetry

Conclusion
In conclusion, the inversion of linear kernal model can be used to simulate the under water bottom topography based on the current pattern. The contour lines of bottom topography are ranged from 1 m to 20 m depth with gentle slope. There is a sharp slope was found near the Kuala Terengganu river. The inversion linear Kernal of Volterra model shows a good result. However there must be improvements in future work to have a high accuracy.

References
  • Alpers, W., and I., A. Hennings, 1984. theory of the Imaging of Underwater Bottom topography by Real and synthetic Aperture radar. Journal of Geophysical research, Vol.89C, pp10,529-10,546.
  • Inglada J., and R. Garello 1999. Volterra Model for imaging mechanism of ocean surface currents by synthetic aperture radar. In proceedings of IGARSS’99.
  • Hesselmans, G.H, G.J Wensink C.G. V. Koppen, C. Vernemmen and C.V Cauwenberghe , 2000. Bathymetry assessment Demonstration off the Belgian Coast-Babel. The hydropgraphic Journal . No.96. pp.3-8.
  • Maged M, 1994 “ Coastal Water Circulation off Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia”. MSc. Thesis Universiti Pertanian Malaysia.
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