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Types Of Sprawl
Urban sprawl may be classified on various bases both qualitative as well as quantitative. In the present study the urban sprawl of the Raipur city is mainly classified qualitatively on the basis of: (a) the geometry of growth, (b) density of built up land (c) involvement of nature or man and (d) spilled out of built up area with respect to administrative boundary. A brief account of these is given here and attempt has been made to show four types of urban sprawl in Raipur city.
- Depending upon the geometry of growth it is divide into two types linear and non- linear. In the linear type of sprawl the growth of built up land is in a ribbon like fashion as seen along the transportation arteries, rivers, canals etc. Linear- continuous sprawl is identified along the National highway No-6 from Nagpur to Mahasamund and state highway from Bilaspur to Dhamtari. The non-linear type could be of any shape. Within this category one can find regular or perfect geometrical shape of towns, which are planned. This later category is more common. In the non-linear category the central business district (C.B.D.) is clearly defined, whereas in the linear type the C.B.D. is not clear, as the geometric center of this type is difficult to identify.
- Depending upon the density of build- up land a sprawl can be divided into two types nucleated/continuous and scattered/non continuous. In the nucleated sprawl there is no break in built up extension of land i.e. the continuity is present without any gap. As per this study the gap between the two adjacent built up land is zero. Hypothetically, there do not exist any break-up between two houses. This already has been defined as the sprawl limit. Nucleated is identified in the city towards the center. In non- nucleated/scattered/non-continuous sprawl, the sprawl limit is not zero but however, it cannot exceed 0.5 kms as per the norms set for in this study. This type of sprawl is also referred to as a “leap frogging” type. Which is identified in the southwestern region of Atari and non- nucleated (non-continuous) towards the southeastern region near Amlidih.
- Depending upon the involvement of nature or man, a sprawl can be divided into two types natural and imposed. Natural sprawl is that which grows freely like an organism. The only control is natural features like mountains, sea, rivers, plains etc. As for example Mumbai and Chennai cities are facing obstruction for growth on one side by the presence of seas. Imposed type of sprawl refers to the growth of the town due to the intervention of man i.e the planning of town example Chandigarh, Gandhi Nagar.
- Depending upon the spill out of built up area with respect to the administrative boundary of that region a sprawl can be divided into two types-over bound and under bound. Over bound sprawl is that which crosses the administrative boundary. e.g. Raipur with respect to the Raipur M.C. as per 1991.Underbound sprawl does not cross the administrative boundary during its growth. However, in this case it may be possible that the administrative boundary is expanded to accommodate the sprawling of the town or city. The high-rise building can be termed as vertical sprawl.
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